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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atom
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smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means
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element
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substance composed of a single type of atom
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compound
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substance that is made of more than one kind of atom
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molecule
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group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
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ion
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electrically charged atom or molecule
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cohesion
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between substances of the same kind
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adhesion
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attraction between different substances
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solution
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homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
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acid
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compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
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base
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compound that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
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carbohydrate
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organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; used by living things as an energy source
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lipid
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one of a family of nonpolar organic molecules that are not soluble in water; includes fats, phospholipids, and steroids
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protein
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organic compound made of amino acids
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amino acid
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organic molecule that is the building block of proteins
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nucleic acid
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organic molecule made or nucleotides; stores hereditary information for cell function; DNA or RNA
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nucleotide
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subunit of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
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DNA
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double-stranded, helical nucleic acid that stores hereditary information
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RNA
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a type of nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis
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ATP
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organic molecule composed of a base, a sugar; and three phosphate groups that acts as the main energy currency of cells
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energy
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capacity for doing work; the ability to move or change matter
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activation energy
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amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
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enzyme
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substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
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active site
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site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
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substrate
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The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.
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monosaccharide
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Any of several carbohydrates, such as tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses, that cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis
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