Kevin - Fa Rapid Review Pg. 519

Front 1

What disease presents with polyuria, acidosis, growth failure and electrolyte imbalances?

Back 1

Falconi's syndrome (proximal tubule reabsorption defect)

Front 2

What injury presents with a positive anterior drawer sign on physical exam

Back 2

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury

Front 3

What syndrome presents with ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis? What is the cause?

Back 3

Horner's Syndrome; sympathetic chain lesion

Front 4

What is a pupil that accommodates but does not react? What disease is it associated with?

Back 4

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

Front 5

A patient with a history of a GI or URI presents with rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends. What is the diagnosis?

Back 5

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)

Front 6

Patient presents with a rash on their palms and soles. What could the diagnosis be?

Back 6

Secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Front 7

Patient presents with recurrent colds, unusual eczema and high serum IgE

Back 7

Job's Syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome: abnormality with neutrophil chemotaxis )

Front 8

Red "currant jelly" sputum

Back 8

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Front 9

Patient with red, itchy, swollen rash of the nipple/areola. What is the disease, why is it significant?

Back 9

Paget's disease of the Breast (underlying neoplasm)

Front 10

Patient complains of red urine in the morning

Back 10

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Front 11

What disease is associated with renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma?

Back 11

von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

Front 12

Patient presents with resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia and postural instability

Back 12

Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)

Front 13

Patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy and exercise intolerance

Back 13

Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficiency) NOTE: In the juvenile form, it is cardiomegaly)

Front 14

What are retinal hemorrhages with pale centers called? What are they a sign of?

Back 14

Roth's spots; bacterial endocarditis

Front 15

A neonate with severe jaundice. You suspect...

Back 15

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 16

Your patient has severe RLQ pain and rebound tenderness. What is this called and what is it a sign of?

Back 16

McBurney's sign; appendicitis

Front 17

A patient with short stature, increased incidence or tumors/lukemia and aplastic anemia has...

Back 17

Falconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML).

Front 18

What is a single palm crease called and what is it associated with?

Back 18

Simian crease; Down syndrome

Front 19

A patient has situs inversus, chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis. What is the syndrome and what is the cause?

Back 19

Kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)

Front 20

What disease is associated with skin hyperpigmentation

Back 20

Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency)

Front 21

Your young male patient has a slow, progressive muscle weakness...

Back 21

Becker's muscular dystrophy (x-linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)

Front 22

Your patient has small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers. What are they, what are they a sign of?

Back 22

Koplik spots (measles)

Front 23

Small, nontender, erythematous lesions on palms/soles are called what? And what are they a sign of?

Back 23

Janeway lesions; infective endocarditis

Front 24

Your patient has smooth, flat, moist white lesions on their genitals because they have

Back 24

Secondary syphilis (condyloma lata)

Front 25

A patient has splinter hemorrhages in fingernails. What is this a sign of?

Back 25

Bacterial endocarditis

Front 26

Your patient has a "strawberry tongue." What are three possible reasons?

Back 26

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome

Front 27

Your patient has streak ovaries, congenital heart disease and horseshoe kidney. What genetic defect to they have?

Back 27

Turner's syndrome (XO). Also associated with short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)

Front 28

Doctor! My big toe joint has suddenly become swollen and painful!

Back 28

Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)

Front 29

Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

Back 29

spots on skin
Scurvy (vit C deficiency; can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)

Front 30

Your patient has swollen, hard, painful finger joints. They have osteophytes on their PIP and DIP. Why, what are they called?

Back 30

Osteoarthritis; Bouchard's (PIP) and Heberden's (DIP)

Front 31

Crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur

Back 31

Aortic valve stenosis

Front 32

Thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal tumors. What syndrome?

Back 32

Sipple's syndrome (MEN2A)

Front 33

A patient with a painful ulcerated genital lesion with an exudate he has what? Caused by what?

Back 33

Chancroid; Haemophilus ducreyi

Front 34

Unilateral facial drooping

Back 34

Bell's palsy (LMN CNVII palsy)

Front 35

A male patient with what syndrome has urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis?

Back 35

Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

Front 36

A vascular birthmark called a port-wine stain is called what? It is associated with what syndrome?

Back 36

Hemangioma; Sturge-Weber syndrome

Front 37

What is the schwartzman reaction?

Back 37

A vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis (it follows second exposure to endotoxin)

Front 38

Your patient is vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations

Back 38

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholics and eating disorders)

Front 39

Urine with waxy casts and very low flow is from a patient with...

Back 39

Chronic end-stage renal disease

Front 40

A patient has weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever and adenopathy if they have what disease? What is it caused by?

Back 40

Whipple's disease; Tropheryma whippelii

Front 41

Anticentromere antibodies

Back 41

CREST (scleroderma)

Front 42

Antidesmoglein antibodies

Back 42

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Front 43

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

Back 43

Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage)

Front 44

Antihistone antibodies

Back 44

Drug-Induced SLE

Front 45

Anti-IgG antibodies

Back 45

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

Front 46

Antimitochondrial antibodies

Back 46

Primary billiary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

Front 47

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

Back 47

Vasculitis (Wegner's, microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis)

Front 48

Antinuculear antibodies (ANA, anti-smith, anti-dsDNA)

Back 48

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Front 49

Antiplatlet antibodies

Back 49

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Front 50

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Back 50

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

Front 51

Anti-transglutaminase/ antigliadin antibodies

Back 51

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

Front 52

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blases

Back 52

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the promyelocytic type)

Front 53

Patient with "Bamboo spine" on x-ray

Back 53

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

Front 54

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC

Back 54

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

Front 55

Basophilic stippling of RBC

Back 55

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Front 56

Bloody tap on LP

Back 56

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 57

"Boot shaped" heart on x-ray

Back 57

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

Front 58

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

Back 58

Actinomyces israelii

Front 59

What is a bronchogenic apical lung tumor called? What syndrome can is cause?

Back 59

Pancoast's tumor; It can compress the sympathetic ganglion and cause Hornor's syndrome

Front 60

Brown tumor of bone. Why is it brown? What causes it?

Back 60

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease of bone)

Front 61

What disease is associate with cardiomegaly with apical atrophy? What is the cause?

Back 61

Chagas' Disease; Trypanosoma cruzi

Front 62

You see cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule. What is the diagnosis?

Back 62

Rapidly progressive cresentic glomerulonephritis

Front 63

If I have a "chocolate cyst" of the ovary, what do I have?

Back 63

Endometriosis

Front 64

What are Homer Wright rosettes? What are they associated with?

Back 64

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils. Seen in neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma and retinoblastoma

Front 65

Your patient has colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in their lungs. What disease do they have?

Back 65

Cystic Fibrosis