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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are endospores?
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Endospores are gram-positive bacteria that are dormant and have thick-walled structures that can survive harsh conditions.
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Name 3 harsh conditions a endospore can survive.
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1.Boiling temperatures
2. Ultraviolet radiation 3. Disinfectants |
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Define autotroph
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Autotroph is an organism that produces organic molecules by acquiring carbon from inorganic sources; primary producer
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Define hetrotroph
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Heterotroph is an organism that obtains carbon and energy by eating another organism; consumer
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How do phototrophs get energy?
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Phototrophs get energy from the sun
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How to chemotrophs obtain energy?
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Chemotrophs obtain energy by by oxidizing inorganic or organic chemicals
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True or False:
Obligate aerobes require oxygen for generating ATP in respiration |
True
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What type of environment does obligate anaerobes thrive in?
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Obligate anerobes thrive in an environment that lacks oxygen.
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What is it called when a microbes can survive with or without oxygen?
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Facultative Anaerobe
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What are two common facultative anaerobes?
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1.E.Coli
2.Salmonella |
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What does vertical gene transfer mean?
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Vertical gene transfer is the way that all organisms transmit DNA from generation to generation as they reproduce.
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How do prokaryotes reproduce?
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Prokaryotes produce by binary fission, asexually.
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Define Binary Fission
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Binary Fission is asexual process that replicates DNA and distributes it and other cell parts into two daughter cells.
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What is the 3 ways that horizontal gene transfer can occur?
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1. A cell may take up make DNA without physically contacting another cell.
2. Viruses sometimes mistakenly package host cell DNA along with their own. 3. One cell receives DNA directly from contact with another cell. |
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Define transformation:
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transformation:
type of horizontal gene transfer in which an organism takes up naked DNA without cell–to–cell contact |
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Define transduction.
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transduction:
transfer of DNA from one cell to another via a virus; also, conversion of energy from one form to another |
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Define Conjunction.
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conjugation:
a form of horizontal gene transfer in which one cell receives DNA via direct contact with another cell |
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Define Sex Pilus
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sex pilus:
a bridge of cytoplasm that transfers DNA from one cell to another in conjugation |
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Why are archaea considered extremophiles?
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Archaea are considered extremophiles because they are found in habitats that lack oxygen or that are extremely hot, acidic, and/or salty.
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What are the three phyla of archeae?
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1.Euryarchaeota
2.Crenarchaeota 3.Korarchaeota |
