Kardiopii_Intmed_Ekg

Front 1

In which Leads will the P Wave be Upright?
Inverted?
Variable?

Back 1

Upright: I, II, V4-V6, AVF
Inverted: AVR
Variable: III (biphasic), AVL, others

Front 2

What is duration of normal PR-Interval?
boundries?

Back 2

.12 to .2 seconds
--Begin of P-wave to BEGIN of QRS

Front 3

What is range of normal duration for QRS?

Back 3

.05 to .10 seconds

Front 4

Can a Q-wave be longer than 1 sq. (.04 sec)

Back 4

Not normally, .03 s is duration for Q-Wave.

Front 5

Term for when a PR-Interval is too short?

Back 5

If PR-lnterval is less than .12 seconds, then you have Pre-excitation

Front 6

Normal height for Q-Wave?
(In which Leads?)

Back 6

1-2 mm
I, AVL, AVF, V5-V6

Front 7

What is normal elevation for ST segment in normal EKG?

Max depression of ST for normal

Back 7

isoelectric or, no more than 1mm in Standard Leads., 2mm in Chest Leads

--No more than .5mm depressed

Front 8

In what Leads is the T-Wave Upright?
Inverted?
Variable?

Back 8

--Same as Depol/P-Wave + V3 is upright (was variable in P-)
Upright: I, II, V3-V6
Inverted: AVR
Variable: III, AVL, AVF, V1-V2

Front 9

A first degree AV Block is indicated by what on EKG?

Back 9

A PR-Interval that is too long; longer than .2 sec

Front 10

ST Segment Elevation is indicated on EKG by what amplitude?
Pathology?

Back 10

>1mm(I-III) or > 2mm in Vs
--Subepicardial or Transmural Damage

Front 11

What pathology is associated with inverted T-Waves?

Back 11

Ischemia

Front 12

Myocardial Injury is associated with what EKG feature?

Back 12

ST-Elevation

Front 13

Left Atrial Enlargement (LAE) is also known as?

Back 13

P-mitrale

Front 14

P-mitrale/LAE is marked by what on I, II, III on EKG?

Back 14

notched P-waves, broad
(broad as duration increase shown by L.Atrial part of p-wave

Front 15

P-pulmonale/RAE is marked by what on leads I, II, III?

Back 15

I is flat P-wave
II & III & aVF are tall (higher amplitude b/c right atrium bigger)

Front 16

AV-Junctional Rhythm or Ectopic Rhythm is indicated by what on EKG

Back 16

Inverted P-waves on leads II-III
with short PR-Interval (<.12)

Front 17

Wolff-Parkinson/White Syndrome & Lown-Ganong-Levine Syn have what sort of PR interval

Back 17

Too Short
--less than. .12
----So to for AV Junctional

Front 18

Coronary Artery Dx and Rheumatic Dx have what effect on EKG

Back 18

Cause A-V Block, shown by prolonged PR-Interval

Front 19

What pathology is associated with inverted T-Waves?

Back 19

Ischemia

Front 20

Myocardial Injury is associated with what EKG feature?

Back 20

ST-Elevation

Front 21

Left Atrial Enlargement (LAE) is also known as?

Back 21

P-mitrale

Front 22

P-mitrale/LAE is marked by what on I, II, III on EKG?

Back 22

notched P-waves, broad
(broad as duration increase shown by L.Atrial part of p-wave

Front 23

P-pulmonale/RAE is marked by what on leads I, II, III?

Back 23

I is flat P-wave
II & III are tall (higher amplitude b/c right atrium bigger)

Front 24

AV-Junctional Rhythm or Ectopic Rhythm is indicated by what on EKG

Back 24

Inverted P-waves on leads II-III
with short PR-Interval (<.12)

Front 25

Wolff-Parkinson/White Syndrome & Lown-Ganong-Levine Syn have what sort of PR interval

Back 25

Too Short
--less than. .12
----So to for AV Junctional

Front 26

Coronary Artery Dx and Rheumatic Dx have what effect on EKG

Back 26

Cause A-V Block, shown by prolonged PR-Interval

Front 27

What normal variant might a healthy black male have

Back 27

Elevated ST-segment

Front 28

U-wave on EKG is associated with what?

Back 28

Hypokalemia

Low Potasium

Front 29

What is amplitude range and contour of a normal P-wave

Back 29

No more than 2-3mm height in ANY lead
--Rounded, not pointed or notched

Front 30

With P-wave, an abnormal inversion indicates what?

Back 30

Ectopic Atrial or A-V Junctional Rhythm.
impulse travels in unorthodox path

Front 31

Atrial Hypertrophy OR Dilatation is indicated by what on EKG?

Back 31

Increased Amplitued

Front 32

Common causes of Atrial Hypertrophy are?

Back 32

Av Valve Dx, HTN, Cor Pulmonale (RHF), Congenital Heart Dx.

Front 33

A P wave longer than .11 sec indicates what?

Back 33

LAE

Front 34

In LAE, second half of P wave will be signif neg in Leads?

Back 34

Leads III or V1
---also look for notching
---if peaks b/w notches > .04 - P-mitrale

Front 35

In LAE, which lead will show taller P wave, I or III?

Back 35

Will be taller in Lead 1 (more leftward mean vector)

Front 36

Which lead will have a Taller P-wave in P-pulmonale/RAE
I or III

Back 36

III as the mean vector will shift rightward--so depol will go more in direction of Lead III

Front 37

What does the absence of a P-wave indicate

Back 37

AV-Junctional Rhythm
--also in S-A Block

Front 38

With a normal duration of .05-.1 sec, a QRS or .12 or > indicates what?

Back 38

Abnormal Intraventricular conduction
--think Bundle Branch Block (BBB) or Hypertrophy

Front 39

QRS Amplitude of 5mm (.5mV) or less in Leads I-III indicates what?

Back 39

LVOC, low voltage of complexes

Front 40

Displacement of the ST Segment is hallmark for what myocardial pathologies

Back 40

Ischemia or Injury

Front 41

A tall, sharply pointed, symmetrical T-wave is suspicious of what pathology?
Tall T-wave suggests ?

Back 41

MI
MI and hyperkalemia

Front 42

What are the standard heights for T-wave in leads I-III and Vs?

Back 42

Note above:
5mm in Standards
10mm in Precordial

Front 43

In which Leads is the T-wave usually upright?

Back 43

I, II, V3-V6

--V4-6 for P-wave,

Front 44

With LVHypertrophy, the voltage and interval or QRS inc. Over which Ventricle will there be a deep S wave?
R-wave?

Back 44

S-wave over RV
R-Wave over LV
--think V1 (RV) to V6 (LV lateral) and R-Wave progression to V6 (though peak is V5)

Front 45

ECG Pattern of LVH indicates what?

Back 45

Cannot distinguish hypertrophy from dilatation, so its Enlargement

Front 46

Describe the 3 EKG features, for which Romhilt-Este's scores 3 points for either in LVH

Back 46

R or S wave in Limb lead >/=20mm
S wave in V1, V2 or V3 >/=25mm
R wave in V5, V6 that's >/= 30 mm

Front 47

Which other ECG feature scores 3 points in Romhilt-Estes Scoring for LVH?

Back 47

ANY ST shift WITHOUT Digitalis
(as digitalis causes this)
-1 pt for Typical Strain of ST to T junction if ON Digitalis

Front 48

in Romhilt-Estes Scoring for LVH, how many points must there be for LVH?
For Probable LVH?

Back 48

5= LVH
4= Probable LVH

Front 49

What are 4 common causes of RVH on EKG

Back 49

COPD
RV Outflow Tract Obstruction,
VSD ajaousis
Congenital--tetralogy of Fallot

Front 50

In which precordial leads are S waves prominent of RVH?
R-waves?

Back 50

R-waves more prom in RV
and S waves deeper in Left Leads
-R:S ration greater than 1

Front 51

RAD stands for what?

Back 51

Right Axis Deviation
-90 degrees or more is clue to RVH

Front 52

List causes of Dominent R-waves in V1 (normally more dominant in Left Precordial leads)

Back 52

RVH
Posterior or Lateral MI
Wolf-Parkinson-W Synd
Muscular Dsytrphy
Normal Variant

Front 53

P wave amp greater than .25mV in Leads ??
.1 mV in leads ??
indicates RAE/P-pulmonale

Back 53

.25mV in II, III, AVF
.1mV in V1-V2

Front 54

"M" signs in a P-wave indicate what?
Causes?

Back 54

LAE/P-"m"itrale

-Mitral Stenosis, Mitral Regurge

Front 55

Greater than 1mm (.1mV Amp) height depression on V1 Lead of NEGATIVELY deflected portion of Pwave indicates what?

Back 55

LAE/P-mitrale
---look for "m" on more leftward leads

Front 56

Tall P-waves in Leads II, III and AVF >2.5mm indicates what?

Back 56

P-pulmonale/RAE

Front 57

P wave on Lead I >.11sec indicates what?

Back 57

LAE/P-mitrales
---also look at negative terminal of P wave for depression >1mm