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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The school nurse refers a 7 year old b/c he failed his hearing test at school. The men in this pt's family have a hx of renal problems, & a few of his maternal uncles are deaf. A UA is obtained from the pt, which shows microscopic hematuria
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Alport Syndrome
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MC type of hereditary Nephritis
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Alport syndrome
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What is the inheritance of Alport syndrome?
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X-linked = usually in males
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What is the presentation of Alport Syndrome?
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1. asymptomatic hematuria
2. Sensorineural hearing loss or deafness 3. Eye abnormalities (cataracts) are seen in a small number of pts |
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What is the diagnostic test for Alport Syndrome?
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In pts with microscopic hematuria & proteinuria, a RENAL BIOPSY should be performed.
Biopsy shows: -glomerular sclerosis & a thickened BM -as dz progresses, tubular atrophy, fibrosis, & FOAM cells arise |
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A 3 year old child presents to the ER w/ hx of bloody diarrhea & decreased urination. The mother states that the childs symptoms began 5 days ago after the family ate at a fast-food restaurant. At that time the pt developed fever, vomiting, ab pain, & diarrhea. On exam the pt appears ill. He is pale & lethargic
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HUS
-corticosteroids are not helpful |
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What is the MC cause of HUS?
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E. coli O157:H7
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How is HUS different from Bilateral Renal Vein Thrombosis?
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Renal vein thrombosis have large kidneys
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How is HUS different from TTP?
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TTP occurs in young women & affects the central nervous system
-pts also have fever, decreased platelets, & cutaneous symptoms |
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A 3 yo child presents to teh physician with a CC of puffy eyes. On exam there is no erythema or evidence of trauma, insect bite, cellulitis, conjunctival injection, or discharge
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Nephrotic Syndrome
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What are teh characteristics of Nephrotic Syndrome?
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1. Proteinuria
2. Hypoalbuminemia 3. Edema 4. Hyperlipidemia |
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What is the presentation for Nephrotic Syndrome?
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Follows viral URI
There may be generalized or pitting edema Pt may have complaints of fatigue, anorexia, ab pain, or diarrhea HTN IS NOT COMMON Pt may have weight gain |
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What is the treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome?
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1. Diuretics & salt restriction
2. Albumin 3. Steroid (prednisone) 4. Alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide 5. Renal Transplanation for end-stage renal failure |
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Complications of Nephrotic syndrome include infection and developing Spontaneous Peritonitis usually caused by _____
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S. pneumo
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What should all pts with Nephrotic Syndrome receive?
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Polyvalent Pneumococcal vaccine
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