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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deficiency of what leads to pellagra?
What is it characterized by? |
Niacin deficiency --> pellagra
niacin is nessecary for NADP production Pellagra is characterized by the 3 D's: Dermatitis, Dementia, and Diarrhea |
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Which type of necrosis maintains the cell shape?
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Coagulative
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BCL-2: pro- or anti-apoptotic
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BCL-2 is anti-apoptotic
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The transformation of bronchial respiratory epithelium to squamous epithelium is a frequently cited example of what cellular change?
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Metaplasia
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A preneoplastic cell change involving changes in the appearance of nuclei?
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Metaplasia
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persistnat bacterial infections and poor wound healing?
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Chronic granulomatous disease
Lack of NADPH oxidase causes a decrease in ROS and absent respiratory burst in neutrophils Increased susceptability to catalase positve organisms (staph a, E.coli, aspergillus) Negative nitroblue tetrazolin dye reduction test |
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An important chemotactic factor for neutrophils
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Leukotriene B4, N-formyl-methionine, C5a, IL-8
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Neutrophils require oxygen to kill bacteria in a respiratory burst, using what enzyme?
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MADPH oxidase
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What complement factor triggers histamine release by mast cells, basophils, and platelets?
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Anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a
3 and 5 seem to be important, in this case, both have a for anaphylaxis |
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What cytokines are associated with fever?
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IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha
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The membrane attack complex is a group of complement molecules that is capable of punching holes in the cell membrane leading to cell lysis. What complement factors make up the MAC?
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C5-C9
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Hageman facor (XII) converts prekallikrein to kallikrein, which cleaves kininogen into _____?
What does it cuase? |
Kallikrein cleaves kininogen to bradykinin --> pain, increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, and bronchoconstriction
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High eosinophil counts are seen in patient with a helmninthic infection. What component of eosinophils is toxic to heminthic infections?
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Major Basic Protien has anti-helminthic properties
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what cytokine stimulates macrophages to transform into epitheliod cells of granulomas?
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INF-gamma
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Bacterial meningitis produces what type of inflammation?
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Exudative
Other types: Cytopathic/cytoproliferative, granulomatous, interstitial, necrotizing |
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The presence of both Intranuclear and Intracytoplasmic inclusions is suggestive of what type of inflammation?
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Cytopathic/ cytoproliferative inflammation
Other types: Exudative, granulomatous, interstitial, necrotizing |
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interstital inflammation of a failing heart is suggestive of viral myocarditis...by what?
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coxsackie virus
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Lysyl oxidase is the enzyme that cross-links collagen. what is its cofactor?
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Copper
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Marfans is associated with a defect in _____gene, Ehlors-Danlos in ____.
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Marfans: fibrillin
Ehlors-Danlos: Type III collagen |
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What collagen is associated with the following
Bone, tendon Cartiladge Reticulin/ blood vessels Basement membrane |
Bone, skin, Tendon : 1
Cartiladge: 2 Reticulin /blood vessels: 3 Basement membrane: 4 Be Cool Read Books |
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pretibial edema and exopthalmos in graves dz are due to what?
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Glycosaminoglycans
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What is Glanzmans thrombocytopenia
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Deficiency of GPIIb/IIIa so cannot bind Fibringen and no platelet aggregation happens
Increased BT, normal platelets |
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What is Brenard-Soulier syndrome?
what lab values? |
Lack of GPIb so cant bind VWF
Increased BT, low Platlets |
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Use (PT/PTT) to monitor coumadin, use (PT/PTT) to monitor Heparin
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PT for coumadin - vitamin K dependent factors
PTT for heparin - intrinsic factor- AT-III : 9,10,11,12 |
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which type of amyloid is associated with chronic inflammatory conditions like RA?
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AA amyloid
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Dialysis associated amyloid
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B2-microglobulin
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Napthylamine exposure is associated with what cancer
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Transition cell carcinoma of the bladder
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The signs of Leser-trelat are sudden development of what?
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Seborrheic keratosis
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