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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Inductive reasoning

Probabilistic conclusions.

Deductive reasoning

Certain/necessary conclusions.

Modus ponens

Affirmative rule.

Modus tollens

Denying rule.

Wason selection task

Turn over cards to judge correctness of a rule, people tend to chose cards that are not informative when there is neutral material.

Logical quantifiers

Words such as all, no, some that express knowledge. Constitute a categorical syllogism.

Categorical syllogism

Compounded of logical quantifiers in premises and a conclusion.

Universal statements

Like logical quantifiers All & No, interpreted as categorical, with no exceptions, while people in real life often use quantifiers on a continiuum rather than a category, such as all-->most, no --> hardly any.

Permission schema

Is a type of interpretation of validation of a social norm, wich often lead to logically correct answers in selection tasks.

Atmosphere hypothesis

States that the logical terms used in the syllogisms create an atmosphere that predisposes participants to accept conclusions with the same logical terms that were in the premises. (Negative or particular, when mixed).

Mental model theory

Theory proposing that errors can occur due to that participants are creating mental models of the premises and inspecting them to see if the conclusion is possible, if it is the conclusions is accepted, but they fail to consider alternative mental models to maybe find out that the conclusion is possible, but not necessary, making it invalid.

Attribute identification

A task involved in hypothesis formation where the relevant feature must be identifyed.

Rule learning

Another task in hypothesis formation where one finds the rule that connects the relevant features.

Dual-processes theory

Theory of which processes are involved in reasoning. Type 1 is automatic and rapid, type 2 is slow and deliberate.