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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 6 Epithelial tissue types? |
-simple squamous -stratified squamous -simple cuboidal -simple columnar -pseudostratified columnar -transitional |
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Tissue type with cells that are packed tightly together, face a free space, and are avascular |
Epithelial |
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Squamous |
Flat, scale-like cells |
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Cuboidal |
Cube-shaped cells |
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Columnar |
Tall, thin cells (may be ciliated) |
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Simple |
One layer of cells |
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Stratified |
More than one layer of cells |
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Pseudostratified |
Appear to have layers. Only one layer of cells of differing heights |
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Which epithelial tissue is found in the lungs and blood vessels and is thin for easy diffusion? |
Simple Squamous |
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Which epithelial tissue is found in body openings and are layers of cells that provide protection? |
Stratified Squamous |
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Which epithelial tissue is found in glands and kidney tubules and produce secretions |
Simple Cuboidal |
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Which epithelial tissue has goblet cells that secrete mucus in the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems? |
Simple Columnar |
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Which epithelial tissue has scattered (irregular) nuclei and are found in the respiratory system? |
Pseudostratified Columnar |
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Which epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder and has flat cells that can stretch |
Transitional |
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Glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood (ductless) |
ENDOcrine Glands (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid) |
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Glands that secrete their substances through a duct to the outside world |
EXOcrine Glands (sweat, mammary, tear ducts) |
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What are the 8 Connective tissue types? |
-areolar -reticular -dense regular -dense irregular -hyaline cartilage -bone -blood -adipose |
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Tissue type with few cells that are separated by a matrix and have a blood supply |
Connective Tissue |
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Connective tissue found in mucous membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and body organs |
Areolar |
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Connective tissue found under the skin and around certain organs that is used for insulation, energy storage and protection |
Adipose |
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Connective tissue found in the spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow used for defense and support |
Reticular |
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Connective tissue found in tendons and ligaments that are white colored, wavy and strong |
Dense Regular |
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Connective tissue that is found in deep skin layers and around bone and cartilage and some organs that provides strength in many directions |
Dense Irregular |
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Connective tissue found in joints and at the ends of ribs that helps provide smooth movement. |
Hyaline Cartilage |
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Connective tissue found in the skeletal system that provide support, protection, and blood production |
Bone |
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Connective tissue with a liquid matrix that transports materials throughout the body |
Blood |
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Most common cartilage type, found in joints. |
Hyaline |
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Bendable cartilage type, found in the outer ear |
Elastic cartilage |
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Strongest cartilage type, found in pubic symphysis and intervertebral diccs |
Fibrocartilage |
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What are the three Muscle tissue types? |
-skeletal -cardiac -smooth |
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Tissue type that is used for movement in the body |
Muscle |
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Muscle tissue type that is made up of long, cylindrical, striated (striped) cells. Considered voluntary |
Skeletal |
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Muscle tissue type that is striated and have intercalated discs to join cells together. Involuntary |
Cardiac (heart) Muscle |
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Muscle tissue type that is NOT striated and moves materials through the blood vessels and digestive system |
Smooth |
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Tissue type that sends and receives nerve impulses and has an axon and dendrites |
Nervous |
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Membranes |
Composed of a layer of epithelial tissue and a layer of connective tissue. Secretes fluids to protect and cushion |
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Mucous Membrane |
Secrete mucus and line passages to the outside world |
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Serous Membrane |
Secrete serous fluid (watery) and line the cavities that organs are in (pericardium=heart, pleural=lungs, peritoneum=abdomen) |
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Synovial Membrane |
Secrete synovial fluid (like egg-whites) and line synovial joints |
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What are the three layers of skin? |
-Epidermis -Dermis -Hypodermis/Subcutaneous Layer |
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What are the three parts of hair? |
-Shaft: protrudes above skin surface -Root: penetrates deep into dermis -Follicle: surrounds the root |
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Keratinocyte |
Cell that produces keratin (a strong protein that resists abrasion and is waterproof) |
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Melanocyte |
Cell that produces melanin (gives skin color and protection from sun) |
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Langerhans Cell |
Part of immune system (macrophage white blood cell) |
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Which fiber in skin provides strength? Which provides elasticity? |
Collagen fiber= strength Elastic fiber= elasticity |
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Atrector Pili Muscle |
Muscle attached to hair follicle (makes hair stand up) |
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Dermal Papilla |
Ridges at the top of the dermis that create fingerprints |
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Glands that produce sweat to cool you off |
Sweat Glands |
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Glands that produce oily sebum to protect hair and skin from dehydration |
Sebaceous Glands |
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What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system? |
-Support (posture) -Protection (internal organs) -Movement (attached to muscle) -Storage (Calcium and Phosphorus) -Blood Cell Production (in marrow) |
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Sesamoid Bone |
Sesame seed shaped (patella) |
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Long Bone |
Longer than they are wide |
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Short Bone |
Cube-shaped (wrist and ankle) |
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Flat Bone |
Thin but strong (skull, ribs, sternum) |
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Irregular Bone |
Complex shapes (vertebrae and facial bones) |
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Type of bone that is strong against compression, is heavy and thick, and covers all bones |
Compact Bone |
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Type of bone that is strong against tension (pulling force). Light weight because of holes. |
Spongy Bone |
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Trabeculae |
Spiny, poky, bone in spongy bone (not the holes) |
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Osteon |
Smallest functional unit of bone (each tree trunk is an osteon) |
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Which bone canals run vertically? |
Haversion Canals |
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Which bone canals run horizontally? |
Volkmann's Canal |
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Osteocyte |
Mature bone cell |
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Lacuna |
"Lake" that osteocytes sit in |
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Canaliculi |
Canals between lacuna that allow osteocytes to communicate. |
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Matrix |
White substance secreted by osteoblasts. Arranged in a ring |
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Lamella |
Each white ring in the osteon |
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Diaphysis |
Shaft of long bone |
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Epiphyses |
The ends of long bones |
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Articular Cartilage |
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses |
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Periosteum |
White fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone |
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Medullary Cavity |
Space in the diaphysis that contains marrow (yellow in adults, red in children) |
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Epiphyseal Plate |
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage found in children so their bones can grow in length. (Plate calcifies and becomes "line" in adults) |
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OsteoBlasts |
Bone forming cells. Secrete white matrix. Found in periosteum. |
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OsteoClasts |
Bone destroying cells. Dissolve the matrix. Found in endosteum |
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Osteocytes |
Mature bone cells found in lacunae in the solidified matrix. |
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Joint |
Where two bones come together |
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Synarthroses |
Immovable joints that are tightly bound together. Ex. Sutures in the skull. |
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Ampiarthroses |
Slightly movable joints. Bound tightly but still allow some movement |
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Syndesmosis |
Bones connected by a ligament. Ex. Distal end of tibia and fibula at the ankle |
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Symphysis |
Bones joined by fibrocartilage. Ex. Pubic symphysis and vertebral discs |
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Diarthroses |
Freely movable joints |
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Synovial joints |
Most common joints. |
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Synovial Cavity |
The space between two articulating bones |
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Synovial Membrane |
Lines joint and secretes synovial fluid |
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Meniscus |
Pad of fibrocartilage that helps bones fit together better. |
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Bursae |
Fluid filled sacs between two structures to reduce friction. Ex. Between skin and bone, tendon and bone, muscle and bone, and ligament and bone |
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Ligament |
Connects bone to bone. |
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Flexion and Extension |
Flexion: bending movements Extension: Straightening movements (anatomical position) |
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Abduction and Adduction |
ABduction: away from the midline ADduction: toward the midline |
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Rotation |
Pivoting on an axis |
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Circumduction |
Circular motion making a cone |
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Inversion and Eversion |
Inversion: sole of foot inward Eversion: sole of foot outward |
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Supination and Pronation |
Supination: palm upward Pronation: palm down |
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Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion |
Dorsiflexion: toes upwards toward ceiling Plantar Flexion: tippy toes |
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Elevation and Depression |
Elevation: moves upward (closing mouth) Depression: moves down (opening mouth) |
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Hinge Joint |
Flexion and extension. Ex. Elbow and knee |
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Pivot Joint |
Permit rotation Ex. Atloaxial joint (turns head) and radioulnar joint |
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Gliding Joint |
Ankle and wrist joints |
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Ellipsoidal (Condyle) Joint |
Oval shaped condyle fits into elliptical socket. Ex. Joins fingers to palms and toes to palms |
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Saddle Joint |
Fit like a rider on a saddle. Allows opposition of the thumb |
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Ball and Socket |
Widest range of motion. Head of one bone fits into socket of another bone. Ex. Hip and Shoulder |