K & W Ch 14 Parietal Lobes

Front 1

Main function of parietal lobes

Back 1

process and integrate somatosensory and visual information, especially with regard to control of movement

Front 2

Where does the parietal region of the cerebral cortex lie

Back 2

between the frontal and occipital lobes underlying the parietal bone at the roof of the skull demarcated anteriorly by the fissure, ventrally by the lateral fissure, dorsally be the cingulate gyrus, adn posteriorly by parietal occipital sulcus

Front 3

Principle regions of the parietal lobe

Back 3

postcentral gyrus; superior parietal lobe; parietal operculum; supramarginal gyrus; angular gyrus

Front 4

The anterior zone of the parietal lobe is the _____________ cortex

Back 4

somatosensory

Front 5

The posterior zone of the parietal lobe is referred to as the _______________ ____________ _____________

Back 5

posterior parietal cortex

Front 6

Some parts of the parietal lobe take part in the _____________ stream of visual processing

Back 6

dorsal

Front 7

intrapatietal sulcus regions contribute to

Back 7

saccadic eye movements and visual control of object directed grasping

Front 8

PRR has a role in visually guided ________ ________

Back 8

grasping movements

Front 9

Area PE in the parietal lobe is basically the somatosensory cortex andreceives most of its connections from the

Back 9

primary somatosensory cortex

Front 10

Area PE's cortical inputs are to the

Back 10

primary motor cortex; summlementary motor areas, and premotor regions as well as PF

Front 11

Area PE is responsible for

Back 11

guiding movements by providing information about limb position

Front 12

Area PF has input from

Back 12

primary somatosensory cortex through area PE and from motor and premotor cortex, as well as visual input through area PG

Front 13

Area PF outputs to

Back 13

primary motor cortex, SMA, and premotor regions

Front 14

Area PG received more complex connections including

Back 14

visual, somesthetic, proprioceptive, auditory, vestibular, oculomotor, and cingulate

Front 15

Role of PG is

Back 15

controlling spatially guided behavior with respect to visual and tactile info as part of the dorsal stream

Front 16

The posterior parietal cortex connects to the

Back 16

dorsolateral prefrontal region

Front 17

Prefrontal and posterior parietal regions project to

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paralimbic cortex and temporal cortex as well as hippocampus and various subcortical regions

Front 18

Importance of functional relationship between prefrontal and parietal cortex

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control of spatially guided behavior

Front 19

Role of anterior parietal zone

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process somatic sensations and pereptions

Front 20

role of posterior parietal zone

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integrating sensory input from somatic and visual regions and other sensory regions for control of movement

Front 21

2 basic types of spatial information

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object recognition and guidance of movement

Front 22

relational properties of objects are probably houses where

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temporal lobe (in the polymodal region of superior temporal sulcus and the hippocampal formation

Front 23

2 things posterior parietal neurons have in common

Back 23

receive combinations of sensory, motivational, and related motor inputs AND discharge is enhanced when an animal attends to a target or makes a movement toward it

Front 24

Based on electrophysiologial and blood flow studies, posterior parietal regions plays a significant role in

Back 24

directing movements in space and detecting stimuli in space

Front 25

the dorsal stream of processing which goes through the posterior parietal cortex is responsible for ________ processing

Back 25

spatial

Front 26

define sensorimotor transformation

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the neural calculations of the locations of our body parts with sensory information of actual movement to plan future movement

Front 27

The PRR area is coding the

Back 27

desired goal of movemen

Front 28

Part of the parietal cortex that play a role in route knowledge

Back 28

medial parietal region (parietal region ventral to PRR an adjacent posterior cingulate cortex

Front 29

Impairment in identifying left versus right and mental manipulation is localized where

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posterior parietal region

Front 30

3 parietal lobe functions that do not fit into viusomotor control

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arithmetic, certain aspects of language, and movement sequences

Front 31

acalculia

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inability to do arithmetic

Front 32

Damage to the postcentral gyrus is typically associated with

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abnormally high somatosensory thresholds, impaired position sense, and deficits in stereognosis as well as afferent paresis

Front 33

stereognosis

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tactile perception

Front 34

afferent paresis

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movements of fingers are clumsy because person has lost necessary feedback about their exact position

Front 35

astereognosis

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inability to recognize nature of an object by touch

Front 36

simultaneous extinction

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failure to report on stimulus when two areas are touched simultaneously

Front 37

simultaneous extinction is associated with damage to what area

Back 37

somatic secondary cortex, esp right parietal lobe

Front 38

Importance of the blind touch phenomenon

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suggests existence of two tactile systems, one for detection and one for localization

Front 39

2 major types of somatosensory agnosias

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astereognosis and asomatognosia

Front 40

asomtognosia

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loss of knowledge of sense of one's own body and bodily condition

Front 41

varieties of asomatognosia

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anosognosia-unawareness or denial of illness

anosodiaphoria-indifference to illness

autopagnosia-inability to localize and name body parts

asymbolia for pain-absence of normal reactions to pain

Front 42

Asomatognosias mostcommonly affect which side of the body

Back 42

left due to right hemi lesions

Front 43

autopagnosias, unlike other asomatognosias, commonly affect the ______ side due to lesions of the______ ________ ________

Back 43

right; left parietal cortex

Front 44

Most common autopagnosia

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finger agnosia

Front 45

finger agnosia

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unable to point to various fingers of either hand or show them to examiner

Front 46

Symptoms of posterior parietal damage

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balints, contralateral neglect, Gertsmann syndrome, apraxia, drawing, spatial attention,

Front 47

Balints syndrome is caused by damage to

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bilateral parietal lobes, particularly the superor parietal region

Front 48

Balints syndrome includes what symptoms

Back 48

movement of eyes without ability to fixate on specific visual stimuli; simultagnosia; optic ataxia (difficulty reaching under visual guidance)

Front 49

Common symptoms of right parietal lesions

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contralateral neglect; constructional apraxia, topographic disability

Front 50

2 stages of recovery of contralateral neglect

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allesthesia-person begins to respond to stimuli on neglected side as if the stimuli were on unlesioned side and responds and orients to visual, tactile, or auditory stimuli of the left side of the body as if they were on the right; second stage is simultaneous extinction where the person responds to stimuli on the hitherto neglected side unless both sides are stimulated simultaneously, in which case they only notice stimulation on side ipsilateral to the lesion

Front 51

Regions of the brain involved with contralateral neglect

Back 51

right intraparietal sulcus and right angular gyrus and occasionally with lesions to frontal lobe and cingulate cortex, as well as subcortical structures including the superior colliculus and lateral hypothalamus

Front 52

Two main theories of contralateral neglect

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defective sensation or perception or defective attention or orientation

Front 53

Described deficits in object recognition with right parietal lobe lesions

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can recognize objects in familiar, but not unfamiliar views due to deficits in perceptual classification

Front 54

Part of parietal lobe causing deficit in object recognition

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inferior parietal lobule

Front 55

Described Gerstmann Syndrome

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finger agnosia, right left confusion, agraphia, adn acalculia

Front 56

Gerstmann syndrome has typically been localized where

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angular gyrus

Front 57

Left parietal symptoms in addition to Gerstmann syndrome

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disturbed language function, apraxia, dyscalulia, recall, right left discrimination, and right hemianopia

Front 58

Apraxia

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disorder of movement in which loss of skilled movement is not caused by weakness or inability to move, abnormal muscle tone or posture, intellectual deterioration, poor comprehension, or other disorders such as tremor

Front 59

ideomotor apraxia

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unable to copy movements or make gestures

Front 60

where is ideomotor apraxia localized

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left posterior parietal lobe

Front 61

constructional apraxia

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visuomotor disorder in which spatial organization is disordered

Front 62

Most common site of lesion resulting in constructional apraxia

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posterior parietal, but can result from either side

Front 63

apraxia is due to dysfunction of

Back 63

guidance system in parietal lobe which guides movement in immediate vicinity of the body

Front 64

Deficits in drawing are generally greater after damage to which parietal lobe

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right

Front 65

Disengagement

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allows attention to shift from one stimulus to another

Front 66

area of brain producing deficit in map reading and mental rotation

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posterior parietal particularly PG region and polymodal cortex of superior temporal sulcus

Front 67

Which hemi is likely to produce deficts in spatial cognition tasks

Back 67

both-left inability to generate an appropriate mental image and right due to inability to perform operations on this mental image

Front 68

Which hemi more likely to produce deficits in topographic information

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right

Front 69

Types of deficits related to topographic information caused by right hemi lesions

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loss of memory of familiar surroundings, inability to locate items on a map, inability to find one's way in one's environment

Front 70

Part of the brain likely responsible for topographic deficits

Back 70

injury to right posterior cerebral artery and right occipitotemporal and right hippocampal region and if in parietal lobe, probably area PG and superior temporal sulcus

Front 71

Which parietal disorders are poorly recognized

Back 71

constructional apraxia and disorders of spatial cognition

Front 72

Tests commonly used in parietal lobe assessment

Back 72

-two point discrimination

-tactile form recognition

-line bisection

-visual perception tests (Gollin Incomplete Figures/Mooney Closure)

-right left differentiation test

-The Token Test

-apraxia test (Kimura Box Test)