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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Draw muscle neuron figure
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1) There's *** method of transport out of the ER...
2) which is goes to the *** 2) However, another method is through *** *** ***. |
1) one
2) golgi 3) membrane contact sites |
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***: AA sequence used for nuclear import.
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NLS (Nuclear localization signal/sequence)
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Phase transition temperatures...
C14:0 = C18:0 = C18:1 = C18:2 = |
C14:0 = 24 deg C
C18:0 = 58 deg C C18:1 = 5 deg C C18:2 = -53 deg C NEG |
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NLS typically has 1+ short sequences of *** charged AAs like *** or *** exposed on protein surface.
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positively
lysine - K arginine - R |
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1) N-glycosolation uses the AA ***
2) followed by *** 3) followed by *** or *** |
1) asparagine
2) proline 3) serine OR threonine |
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*** *** holds sugars being attached to *** during ***-glycosylation.
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dolichol bisphosphate
asparagine - N - Asn N-glycosylation |
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1) ***: Proteins assisting non-covalent folding/un/assembly/dis of macromolecular structures.
2) ***: Our example... in ER lumen binding incoming and outgoing proteins. |
1) Chaperones
2) Binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP) |
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1) ***: Chaperone ensuring only properly folded/assembled proteins proceed thru secretory pathway.
2) Protein is given *** chances to be sent to golgi |
1) Calnexin
2) 3 |
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1) ***: Proteins help form heterodimers.
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1) Chaperones
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1) There are *** pathways from Golgi to ECM.
2) What are they? |
1) two
2) Constitutive & Regulated Secretory Pathway |
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1) A *** determines where mRNA is translated.
2) After translation it's cleaved by *** ***. |
1) 20-26 AA sequence
2) cleaved --- signal peptidase |
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SRP binds the 'signal peptide' of *** *** peptide emerging from ribosome causing *** ***.
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newly synthesized
elongation arrest |
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**: Freshly generated.
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nascent
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Proteins with an *** can form a heterotrimeric complex with an exportin.
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nuclear export sequence (NES)
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--- 'signal peptide' ---
1) *** AA long. 2) *** to water |
1) 20-26 AA
2) hydrophobic |
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β su uses the *** repeat of *** as a ladder into the nucleus.
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FG (phenylalanine—glycine)
nucleoporins |
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--- Polyribosomes ---
Three forms? 1) *** 2) *** bound 3) *** bound |
1) free
2) cytoskeletal bound 3) membrane bound |
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FG repeat?
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phenylalanine—glycine repeat
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*** catalyzes hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. One molecule converts catalyzes *** molecules per second.
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Catalase
40 million |
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NLS?
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Nuclear Localization Signal/Sequence
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***: AA sequence used for nuclear import.
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NLS (Nuclear localization signal/sequence)
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NLS typically has 1+ short sequences of *** charged AAs like *** or *** exposed on protein surface.
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positively
lysine - K arginine - R |
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--- Karyopherins ---
1) α su binds *** of imported protein. 2) β su helps complex to bind the *** *** ***. |
1) NLS of
2) nuclear pore complex. |
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LS is *** AA long containing *** charged AAs...
1) 2) |
8-10 --- positively
1) lysine - Lys - K 2) aRginine - Arg - R |
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--- SRP ---
Don't confuse what? |
Signal Recognition
+++PARTICLE+++ with ----protein---- |
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1) SRP Don't forget?
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1) PARTICLE
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--- ER translocators ---
1) Eukaryotes: *** complex 2) Bacteria: *** 3) Classified functionally as ***. 4) Classically named one... |
1) Sec62 complex
2) SecA 3) translocons 4) Ribophorin |
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!!!***: AA peptide on *** end keeping/attracting all proteins to ER(even Golgi). Leave only if sequence is cleaved.
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KDEL
N-Terminus |
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!!!--- KDEL ---
K? D? E? L? |
K--Lys--Lysine
D--Asp--Aspartic acid E--Glu--Glutamic acid L--Leu--Leucine |
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N-linked glycosylation begin with addition of a *** precursor through the *** enzyme.
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14-sugar
oligosaccharyltransferase oligo saccharyl transferase |
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Transfers 14-sugar to protein.
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oligosaccharyl transferase
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1) ***: Chaperone ensuring only properly folded/assembled proteins proceed thru secretory pathway.
2) Protein is given *** chances to be sent to golgi. |
1) Calnexin
2) 3 |
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GPI? Spelled?
Anchors protein to cell membrane. Directs to ER > Golgi > ECM |
glycosylphosphatidylinositol
glycosyl - phosphatidyl - inositol |
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3 Pathways out of Golgi
1) 2) 3) |
1) lysosome
2) cell exterior 3) cell exterior (default no signal) |
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!!!VTC(*** *** ***): Compartment mediating trafficking between the ER & Golgi carried on ***.
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VTC(Vesicular tubular cluster)
microtubules |
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!!!Vesicles w/*** coat merge into traveling VTC(vesicular tubular cluster).
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COPII
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--- Golgi Complex ---
1) *** cisterna 2) *** cisterna 3) *** cisterna |
1) cis
2) media 3) trans |
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--- Golgi Complex ---
1) *** Golgi network(***) 2) *** Golgi network(***) |
1) Cis --- (CGN)
2) Trans --- (TGN) |
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--- Golgi Complex ---
1) *** face - enter 2) *** face - exit |
1) cis
2) trans |
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--- Golgi Complex ---
1) *** Golgi networks 2) *** cisternas 3) *** faces |
1) two
2) three 3) two |
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!!!***: Vesicle coat protein transporting proteins from cis-Golgi back to RER.
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COPI (COat Protein complex I)
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!!!***: Type of vesicle coat protein transporting proteins from RER to Golgi apparatus.
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COPII (COat Protein complex II)
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COPII?
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COat Protein complex II
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Lysosomal enzymes are tagged w/***--***-*** and sent to lysosome.
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mannose-6-phosphate
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POMC?
*** makes this molecule functional |
preproopiomelanocorticotropin
pre pro opio melano cortico tropin proteolysis |
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1) N-linked glycosylation of *** in ***.
2) O-linked glycosylation of *** in ***. |
1) Nitrogen --- ER
2) Oxygen of hydroxyl --- Golgi apparatus |
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--- O-linked Glycosylation ---
1) O of these AA(3 forms) 2) When followed by... |
1) (Ser)ine, (Thr)eonine, (tYr)osine
2) (asp)aragiNe |
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***: Vesicles not ordinarily present in living cells.
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Microsomes
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Example of complex oligosaccharide...
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sialic acid
NANA N-acetylneuraminic acid |
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!!!***: is used to mark proteins in Golgi for transport to ER.
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KDEL
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1) M6P / M6PR complex disassociate because of...
2) M6P stays in early endosome because... |
1) acidic pH
2) phosphatase (deP'd) |
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List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many? 2) Group 1? |
1) 4
DNA Helicase DNA Gyrase DNA Clamp Spliceosome |
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List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many? 2) Group 2? |
1) 3
Myosin Kinesin Dynein |
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List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many? 2) Group 3? |
1) 2
Flippase Scramblase |
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List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many? 2) Group 4? |
1) 3
Proton pump Na+/K+ pump Nucleopore |
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List 10-15 uses for ATP.
1) How many? 2) Group 5? |
1) 2
Chaperones (BiP) Chaperones (calnexin) |
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List 10-15 uses for ATP.
How many? 1) Group 1? 2) Group 2? 3) Group 3? 4) Group 4? 5) Group 5? |
1) 4
2) 3 3) 2 4) 3 5) 2 |