Jz Uhcl Cellular Physiology Exam 3 Lecture 6

Front 1

***: Double lipid bilayer enclosing genetic material in eukaryotics..

Back 1

Nuclear envelope

Front 2

***: Non-membrane bound structure composed of proteins & nucleic acids found w/in nucleus.

Back 2

Nucleolus

Front 3

NLS?

Back 3

Nuclear Localization Signal/Sequence

Front 4

***: AA sequence used for nuclear import.

Back 4

NLS (Nuclear localization signal/sequence)

Front 5

NLS typically has 1+ short sequences of *** charged AAs like *** or *** exposed on protein surface.

Back 5

positively
lysine - K
arginine - R

Front 6

***: The quality or fact of being greater in number, quantity, or importance.

Back 6

Preponderance

Front 7

The ER & nucleus share a cavity called the *** ***.

Back 7

perinuclear space

Front 8

***: General anatomical term meaning "plate" or "layer."

Back 8

Lamina

Front 9

Typically nuclear pore = *** wide.
W/ATP = *** wide.

Back 9

9nm
26nm

Front 10

Thee subunits of nuclear pore.
1)
2)
3)

Back 10

1) annular subunit (circle)
2) column subunit
3) lumenal subunit

Front 11

--- Karyopherins ---
1) α su binds *** of imported protein.
2) β su helps complex to bind the *** *** ***.

Back 11

1) NLS of
2) nuclear pore complex.

Front 12

Most proteins can't traverse nuclear pore alone...they require ***... which can serve as either *** or ***.

Back 12

karyopherin
importin --- exportin

Front 13

--- Karyopherins ---
β su helps dock importin ***-bound protein to the nuclear pore complex.

Back 13

heterodimer

Front 14

Proteins with an *** can form a heterotrimeric complex with an exportin.

Back 14

nuclear export sequence (NES)

Front 15

β su uses the *** repeat of *** as a ladder into the nucleus.

Back 15

FG (phenylalanine—glycine)
nucleoporins

Front 16

FG repeat?

Back 16

phenylalanine—glycine repeat

Front 17

After the karyopherin crosses the nuclear membrane, α and β subunits...

Back 17

disassociate

Front 18

*** binds to importin complex releasing cargo...

Back 18

Ran-GTP

Front 19

Cargo and *** bind to exportin. This becomes *** when it arrives in cytosol.

Back 19

Ran-GTP
Ran-GDP

Front 20

GTP is *** during loading... and *** during unloading.

Back 20

removed
added

Front 21

*** is a protein phosphatase that activates T cells. It is activated by...

Back 21

Calcineurin
increasing levels of calcium

Front 22

Calcineurin activates T cells by dephosphorylating *** which it translocates into the nucleus.

Back 22

NFATc
(Nuclear Factor of Activated T cell)

Front 23

--- Nuclear Lamina---
1) Lamina - general term meaning "layer"
2) *** filaments forming sheets
3) 'P' of the AA *** causes ***.
4) 'deP' of the AA *** causes ***.

Back 23

1) intermediate
2) serine --- disintegration
3) serine --- integration

Front 24

Resting T-cells have *** levels of Ca2+. Activated cells have ***.

Back 24

low
high

Front 25

The P of serines on lamins causes the nuclear envelope to ***. The deP causes...

Back 25

disintegration
integration

Front 26

The P/deP of AA *** on lamin causes its dissintegration or integration.

Back 26

serines

Front 27

A *** is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell.

Back 27

karyotype

Front 28

***: Vast, confusing stretches of repetitive DNA found in DNA centromeres.

Back 28

alpha satellites

Front 29

Histone *** is involved w/formation of kinetochore. Normally, the histone is *** at *** 4.

Back 29

H3
dimethylated
lysine

Front 30

The *** is the protein structure on chromosomes where spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Back 30

kinetochore

Front 31

The kinetochore forms on the centromere linking chromosome to *** polymers from the ***.

Back 31

microtubule
mitotic spindle

Front 32

*** is RNA that inactivates X chromosome through the ***.

Back 32

Xist (X-inactive specific transcript)
Xic (X inactivation centre)

Front 33

Human DNA is *** long.

Back 33

2-3 meters

Front 34

Nucleosomes contain about ** bp of DNA.

Back 34

200

Front 35

Histone core is made up of....

Back 35

H2A
H2B
H3
H4

Front 36

--- Histone Mods ---
1) M
2) P
3) A
4) U??

Back 36

1) methylation
2) phosphorylation
3) acetylation
4) ubiquitylation

Front 37

Packaged chromosome is *** times smaller than its extended length.

Back 37

10,000

Front 38

*** is one of the two identical copies in a duplicating chromosome.

Back 38

Chromatid

Front 39

*** is super condensed DNA found during replication.

Back 39

Chromosome

Front 40

*** is the unraveled DNA/protein complex usually found.

Back 40

Chromatin

Front 41

***: Nuclear structure not considered an organelle.

Back 41

nucleolus

Front 42

NLS is *** AA long containing *** charged AAs...
1)
2)

Back 42

8-10 --- positively
1) lysine - Lys - K
2) aRginine - Arg - R

Front 43

***: Proteins transporting molecules from cytoplasm into nucleus.

Back 43

Karyopherins

Front 44

Three necessary components for chromosome.
1)
2)
3)

Back 44

1) telomere
2) replication origin
3) centromere

Front 45

*** does not always mean activation... just ALMOST always.

Back 45

Acetylation

Front 46

--- Ribosomal Subunit S# and MW ---
1) Prokaryote?
2) Eukaryote?
3) FROM???

Back 46

1) 50S 1,600,000 ----- 900,000 30S
2) 60S 2,800,000 ----- 1,400,00 40S
3) 70S ----- 90S

Front 47

*** digests proteins marked for destruction with a ***.

Back 47

Proteasome
polyubiquitin chain

Front 48

***, which has *** subunits, attaches ubiquitin to the *** AA via an *** bond.

Back 48

Ubiquitin ligase --- three
lysine
isopeptide

Front 49

*** are insoluble fibrous protein aggregates sharing specific structural traits playing a role in various *** diseases.

Back 49

Amyloids
neurodegenerative

Front 50

-- rRNA locations?!?! ---
1) *** rRNA not from nucleolus
2) *** rRNA from nucleolus

Back 50

1) 5S
2) 45S

Front 51

30nm chromatin packing is right above the *** level.

Back 51

beads-on-a-string

Front 52

***: Region where identical sister chromatids are in closest contact serving as point of mitotic *** attachment.

Back 52

Centromere
cell division
spindle

Front 53

***: Region of repetitive @ end of DNA protecting it from *** or *** w/other chromosomes.

Back 53

Telomere
deterioration
fusion

Front 54

*** *** is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated.

Back 54

Replication origin