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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 basic building blocks & larger units
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Fatty acids - lipid/fat/membrane
Sugars - mono/di/polysaccharide Amino acids - proteins Nucleotides - Nucleic acids |
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Type of bonding...
Fatty acids Sugars Amino acids Nucleotides |
Fatty acids - ester bond
Sugars - glycosidic bond Amino acids - peptide bond Nucleotides - phosphodiester |
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DNA linking support structure...
Total width? Top Left Carbon #? Bottom#? |
phosphate deoxyribose backbone
2nm 5' - 3' |
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What are the basic AA?
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Histidine
Arginine Lysine |
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ATP components
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adenine
ribose (3)phosphates |
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ADP + (phosphate - carbon)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>bond? |
phosphoester bond
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What are the acidic AA?
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Glutamic Acid
Aspartic Acid |
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Glycolysis products
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2 [NADH]
2 [ATP] |
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TCA/Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle
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2 GTP
2 FADH2 6 NADH |
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Function of FAD/NAD?
FAD + ??? NAD + ??? |
donates two e-
2H+ and 2e = FADH2 H+ and 2e = NADH |
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AA that can be phosphorylated.
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Ser-Serine
Tyr-Tyrosine Thr-Threonine |
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Essential AA mnemonic?
1st SET? |
PVT TIM HALL
Phenylalanine Valine Threonine |
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Essential AA mnemonic?
2nd SET? |
PVT TIM HALL
Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine |
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Essential AA mnemonic?
3rd SET? |
PVT TIM HALL
Histidine Arginine Lysine Leucine |
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ATP production VIA cellular respiration has 3 main stages...
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glycolysis -
citric acid cycle - electron transport |
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Stages of fluorescent microscope...
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1) 1st barrier filter - blue 450-490nm
2) beam splitting mirror - 510nm+ 3) 2nd barrier filter- 520-560nm |
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Low-Speed Centrifugation leads to...
1 - 2 - 3 |
whole cells
nuclei cytoskeletons |
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medium-speed centrifugation leads to...
1 - 2 - 3 |
mitochondria
lysosomes peroxisomes |
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high-speed centrifugation leads to...
1 - 2 |
microsomes
small vesticles |
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very-high-speed centrifugation leads to...
1 - 2 - 3 |
ribosomes
viruses large macromolecules |
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*** *** centrifuge uses shallow sucrose gradient to ***.
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Velocity sedimentation
fractionate |
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*** *** centrifuge uses steep sucrose gradient to ***.
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Equilibrium sedimentation
cause buoyancy |
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Affinity Chromatography uses the *** on target molecules AKA ***.
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epitote
antigenic determinant site |
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β-mercaptoethanol is used to...
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reduce disulfide bonds
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SDS gel electrophoresis - samples charged negated because.... which results in fractionation by ***.
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SDS equalized charge per unit mass
size |
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Gel electrophoresis should use *** and ***.
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BME and SDS
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HPLC?
What now? |
High-performance liquid chromatography.... uses high pressure instead of gravity
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Define Antigen?
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A toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body.
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Define Antibody?
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blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen
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Antibodies are *** containing two antigen binding sites... as well as a *** and ***.
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bivalent -
tail and hinge region |
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The *** on Macrophages binds to the *** region on Ig. It stands for...?
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Fc receptor -
Fc region - fragment crystallizable |
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Hybrid cells are made from... the final fused cell is called...
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differentiated normal cell and mouse tumor cell
heterokaryon/hybridoma |
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Immortal cell is also known as...
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HeLa
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Steps for creating hybridoma...
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1)Inject antigen
2)Collect Ig from spleen 3)Select b-cells 4)make hybridoma |
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*** cells are white blood cells which produce large volumes of antibodies.
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Plasma
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Basic AA have a *** charge in pH 7.
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positive
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Acidic AA have a *** charge in pH 7.
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negative
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What two AA have different 3-Letter code?
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Tryptophan - Trp
Isoleucine - Ile |
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Name two parts of a microscope...
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objective
eyepiece |
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Antibody composition?
1) 2) 3) 4) |
effector domains
binding domains light chain heavy chain |
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The epitote on antigens finds to the *** on Ig. It stands for...?
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Fab fragment
fragment antigen-binding |
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What is SDS-PAGE used for?
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separate proteins according to their electrophoretic mobility(a function of length of polypeptide chain or molecular weight)
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SDS?
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sodium dodecyl sulfate
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SDS-PAGE?
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sodium dodecyl sulfate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
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*** is the principle used to create energy in cells... via a ***.
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Chemiosmotic coupling
electron-transport chain |
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The final step of energy creation is ***.
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oxidative phosphorylation
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