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84 Cards in this Set
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Aviation routine weather reports
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METAR
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METARs are used to help aircrew determine…
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latest observed weather, and determine IFR or VFR
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Metars can also provide a comparison between
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observed weather, and forecasted weather
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Metars are broken into _____ groups and ____ section
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10, REMARKS(RMK)
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Group 1
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type of report
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an hourly routine scheduled observation
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METAR
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an unscheduled observation, when critical data has changed
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SPECIal
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Group 2
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Station Identfiers
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The metar code format uses a..
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4 letter ICAO(international civil aviation organization) idenifier
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Group 3
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date time group and report modifier
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times are given in___ time and end in __
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Zulu, Z
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manual metars are required to be started no later than____ minutes prior to the reporting time
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15
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COR indicates a
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corrected report
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AUTO indicates a
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routine scheduled observation from a fully automated station
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Group 4
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Wind
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Winds are reported in___ and degree ___from which direction the wind is blowing
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knots, true
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wind group will always end with the letters___ to indicate ___
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KT, knots
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09008KT
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wind from 090 degrees at 08 knots
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270112KT
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wind from 270 degrees at 112 knots
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the letter G following the speed indicates the presence of
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Gusts
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14015G28KT
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wind from 140 degrees at 15 knots with gusts to 28 knots
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if VRB ispresent in place of wind direction…
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the direction can not be determined
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22015KT 180V250
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winds form 220 degrees at 15 knots, with wind varying from 180 degrees to 250 degrees
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Group 5
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visibility
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Metar prevailing visibility is reported in …
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Statute mile(SM)
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if visibility is less than __ miles, the the weather/obstruction to vision will also be reported
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7
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1 1/8SM
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visibility 1 1/8 statute miles
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5SM
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visibility 5 statute miles
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at military stations, tower visibility will be reported when either surface or tower visibility is ___ miles or less
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4
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Group 6
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Runway Visual Range(RVR)
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RVR is reported whenever the prevailing visibility is ___ statute mile or less and or the RVR for the designated instrument runway is ___ feet or less
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1, 6000
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R33/1800FT
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runway 33 visual range 1800 feet
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R17R/3500FT
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runway 17 right visual range 3500 feet
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R09/1000V4000FT
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Runway 09 visual range 1000 feet variable to 4000 feet
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R28L/P6000FT
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runway 28 left visual range greater than 6000 feet
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R02/M0800FT
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Runway 02 visual range less than 800 feet
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Group 7
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Present weather
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Present weather includes…
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precipitation, well-developed dust or sand swirls, squalls, tornadic activity, sandstorms, and duststorms
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Group 8
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Sky Condition
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sky condition grop gives a description of the appearance of the sky including…
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type of clouds, cloud layers, amount of sky coverage, height of their bases, and any obscuring phenomena
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SKC or CLR
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sky clear 0/8
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FEW
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Few, >0/8-2/8
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SCT
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Scattered 3/8-4/8
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BKN
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Broken 5/8-7/8
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OVC
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Overcast 8/8
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VV
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Obscured 8/8 surface based
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all sky heights are reported in
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AGL
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CB
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cumulonimbus
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TCU
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towering cumulus
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VV008
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sky obscured, indefinite ceiling, vertical visibility 800 feet AGL
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SCT020CB
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scattered clouds at 2000 feet AGL composed of cumulonimbus clouds
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Group 9
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Temperature/Dew point
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sub-zero or dew points will be prefixed with the letter
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M
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Group 10
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Altimeter settings
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the altimeter always starts with the Letter___ and will be followed by a ___ digit group
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A, 4
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The last section is the
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Remarks Section
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special remarks include RSC(___) and RCR(___)
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runway surface condition, runway condition reading
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WR
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wet runway
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SLR
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slush on the runway
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LSR
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loose snow on runway
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PSR
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packed snow on the runway
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IR
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ice on the runway
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RCRNR
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Base operation closed
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Freezing level data is submitted through
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RADATS
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TAF stands for
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terminal aerodrome forecast
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TAF's give infoermation on
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surface forecasted conditions
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the deviations that TAF's have from METAR's are
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addition of wind shear, temperature, icing, and turbulence groups when applicable
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calm winds are represented by
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0
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a visibility code of 9999 indicates…
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7 miles visibility or greater is forecasted
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icing group consists of six number only and begins with a
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6
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the next digit is the
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type of icing(refer to table 6-6 page 6-18)
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the next 3 digits indicate the
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height of the base of the icing in hundreds of AGL
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the last digit is the…
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thickness of the icing layer in thousands of feet(table 6-6 on page 6-18
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turbulence is similar to icing group, but begins with the number__ and the second digit represents___
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5, intensity
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QNH in the altimeter group indicates
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sea level pressure
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INS indicates
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unit of measurement in inches
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QNE is the
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standard datum plane
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The heading FM(from) indicates the forecast weather is
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expected to change rapidly to the conditions on that line
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A line with the heading BECMG(becoming) incicates
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a change to forecast conditions is expected to occur slowly within the period designated
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TEMPO followed by a 4 digit group, indicates
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the weather conditions on this line will occur briefly, and will not represent a permanent change
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Civilian stations also use PROB, which indicate
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a PROBability of the weather changing
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PROB40 1/2SM +TSRA
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40 chance of rain from a thunderstorm with visibility of 1/2 statute miles
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Summary of U.S. Civil/Military TAF differences
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civil staions use sm instead of meters, civil stations include date time group of transmission prior to the forecast period, civil stations may include probability fo precipitation occurrence
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For flight planning purposes an aviator should consider worst weather for a period of..
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1 hour prior to ETA to 1 hour after ETA
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