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84 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Aviation routine weather reports
METAR
METARs are used to help aircrew determine…
latest observed weather, and determine IFR or VFR
Metars can also provide a comparison between
observed weather, and forecasted weather
Metars are broken into _____ groups and ____ section
10, REMARKS(RMK)
Group 1
type of report
an hourly routine scheduled observation
METAR
an unscheduled observation, when critical data has changed
SPECIal
Group 2
Station Identfiers
The metar code format uses a..
4 letter ICAO(international civil aviation organization) idenifier
Group 3
date time group and report modifier
times are given in___ time and end in __
Zulu, Z
manual metars are required to be started no later than____ minutes prior to the reporting time
15
COR indicates a
corrected report
AUTO indicates a
routine scheduled observation from a fully automated station
Group 4
Wind
Winds are reported in___ and degree ___from which direction the wind is blowing
knots, true
wind group will always end with the letters___ to indicate ___
KT, knots
09008KT
wind from 090 degrees at 08 knots
270112KT
wind from 270 degrees at 112 knots
the letter G following the speed indicates the presence of
Gusts
14015G28KT
wind from 140 degrees at 15 knots with gusts to 28 knots
if VRB ispresent in place of wind direction…
the direction can not be determined
22015KT 180V250
winds form 220 degrees at 15 knots, with wind varying from 180 degrees to 250 degrees
Group 5
visibility
Metar prevailing visibility is reported in …
Statute mile(SM)
if visibility is less than __ miles, the the weather/obstruction to vision will also be reported
7
1 1/8SM
visibility 1 1/8 statute miles
5SM
visibility 5 statute miles
at military stations, tower visibility will be reported when either surface or tower visibility is ___ miles or less
4
Group 6
Runway Visual Range(RVR)
RVR is reported whenever the prevailing visibility is ___ statute mile or less and or the RVR for the designated instrument runway is ___ feet or less
1, 6000
R33/1800FT
runway 33 visual range 1800 feet
R17R/3500FT
runway 17 right visual range 3500 feet
R09/1000V4000FT
Runway 09 visual range 1000 feet variable to 4000 feet
R28L/P6000FT
runway 28 left visual range greater than 6000 feet
R02/M0800FT
Runway 02 visual range less than 800 feet
Group 7
Present weather
Present weather includes…
precipitation, well-developed dust or sand swirls, squalls, tornadic activity, sandstorms, and duststorms
Group 8
Sky Condition
sky condition grop gives a description of the appearance of the sky including…
type of clouds, cloud layers, amount of sky coverage, height of their bases, and any obscuring phenomena
SKC or CLR
sky clear 0/8
FEW
Few, >0/8-2/8
SCT
Scattered 3/8-4/8
BKN
Broken 5/8-7/8
OVC
Overcast 8/8
VV
Obscured 8/8 surface based
all sky heights are reported in
AGL
CB
cumulonimbus
TCU
towering cumulus
VV008
sky obscured, indefinite ceiling, vertical visibility 800 feet AGL
SCT020CB
scattered clouds at 2000 feet AGL composed of cumulonimbus clouds
Group 9
Temperature/Dew point
sub-zero or dew points will be prefixed with the letter
M
Group 10
Altimeter settings
the altimeter always starts with the Letter___ and will be followed by a ___ digit group
A, 4
The last section is the
Remarks Section
special remarks include RSC(___) and RCR(___)
runway surface condition, runway condition reading
WR
wet runway
SLR
slush on the runway
LSR
loose snow on runway
PSR
packed snow on the runway
IR
ice on the runway
RCRNR
Base operation closed
Freezing level data is submitted through
RADATS
TAF stands for
terminal aerodrome forecast
TAF's give infoermation on
surface forecasted conditions
the deviations that TAF's have from METAR's are
addition of wind shear, temperature, icing, and turbulence groups when applicable
calm winds are represented by
0
a visibility code of 9999 indicates…
7 miles visibility or greater is forecasted
icing group consists of six number only and begins with a
6
the next digit is the
type of icing(refer to table 6-6 page 6-18)
the next 3 digits indicate the
height of the base of the icing in hundreds of AGL
the last digit is the…
thickness of the icing layer in thousands of feet(table 6-6 on page 6-18
turbulence is similar to icing group, but begins with the number__ and the second digit represents___
5, intensity
QNH in the altimeter group indicates
sea level pressure
INS indicates
unit of measurement in inches
QNE is the
standard datum plane
The heading FM(from) indicates the forecast weather is
expected to change rapidly to the conditions on that line
A line with the heading BECMG(becoming) incicates
a change to forecast conditions is expected to occur slowly within the period designated
TEMPO followed by a 4 digit group, indicates
the weather conditions on this line will occur briefly, and will not represent a permanent change
Civilian stations also use PROB, which indicate
a PROBability of the weather changing
PROB40 1/2SM +TSRA
40 chance of rain from a thunderstorm with visibility of 1/2 statute miles
Summary of U.S. Civil/Military TAF differences
civil staions use sm instead of meters, civil stations include date time group of transmission prior to the forecast period, civil stations may include probability fo precipitation occurrence
For flight planning purposes an aviator should consider worst weather for a period of..
1 hour prior to ETA to 1 hour after ETA