Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three requirements for thunderstorm development?
|
Moisture, Unstable Air, Lifting Action
|
|
What three things can Turbulence cause?
|
Changes in Altitude, Structural damage, extra stress on the airframe.
|
|
What does the effect of Turbulence depend on?
|
Severity of Turbulence and Speed of the Aircraft
|
|
Where does a Gust Front form?
|
On the surface at the leading edge of an advancing storm.
|
|
Where do Roll and Wall Clouds occur?
|
In Severe and fast moving thunderstorms. Key Word: Severe
|
|
What do Roll and Wall clouds indicate?
|
The presence of low level wind shear and extreme turbulence.
|
|
How high has hail been encountered?
|
As high as 45,000 feet in clear Air
|
|
How far has hail been carried?
|
10 or 20 miles downwind
|
|
What does lightning and Electrostatic discharge result from?
|
Separation of positive and negative charge, from water and ice passing in up & down drafts.
|
|
What builds up in the aircraft while flying in the clouds?
|
Static Charge
|
|
Can lightning strike an aircraft flying in the clear?
|
Yes
|
|
Is structural damage from lighting possible?
|
Yes
|
|
Is catastrophic fuel ignition possible?
|
Yes
|
|
What is a visual risk to pilots from lightning?
|
Flash Blindness
|
|
What is a funnel cloud?
|
A tornado not touching the surface
|
|
What are microbursts?
|
Intense, highly localized downward atmospheric flow with velocities of 2000 to 6000 feet per minute
|
|
Microbursts outflow produces wind shears of __ knots.
|
20-200 Knots
|
|
How wide is a microburst area?
|
1/4 to 2.5 miles
|
|
How long does a microburst last?
|
5-10 minutes
|
|
When do microbursts usually occur?
|
Mid afternoon during summer months.
|
|
In a microburst, a large ring of air flows…
|
outward from center of the downburst
|
|
Can a microburst be dry?
|
Yes
|
|
What is virga?
|
Evaporating Rain
|
|
Colder air ______ as it descends
|
Accelerates as it descends
|
|
What is one cause of dry microbursts?
|
Large temperature (dew point) spread at the surface
|
|
When first entering a microburst, the edge of the vortex ring produces wind blowing:
|
upward from ground.
|
|
What are the visual cues of Microbursts? (stupid)
|
Virga, Localized blowing dust, severe thunderstorms, heavy rain, low or no visibility, gusty winds, frequent lightning, tornado activity.
|
|
What does ground based Doppler radar detect?
|
Microbursts, Tornados, Low-Level Windshear
|
|
Is a Doppler real time hazard reporting?
|
Yes
|
|
Are the Low Level Shear alert systems real time?
|
No
|
|
When would you make a PIREP?
|
You encounter unusual and unforecast wx conditions, wind shear on dep/arrival
|
|
Are PIREPs real time?
|
No. But they're definitive
|
|
What is the most accurate means of tracking thunderstorms?
|
NEXRAD. Next Generation Radar
|
|
What indicates Thunderstorm severity?
|
Heights of Tops of CBs
|
|
What is Airborne Radar used for?
|
To circumnavigate and avoid scattered thunderstorms
|
|
If you fly over the top of a TS, what is the altitude margin for turbulence and hail?
|
At least 1000 feet for every 10 knots of wind speed at cloud top level
|
|
If you go underneath a TS, you should fly?
|
1/3 distance from ground to cloud base
|
|
If you have to Penetrate a TS, where should you fly?
|
the lower 1/3rd of the storm
|
|
What temperature should you penetrate a storm at?
|
Below the freezing level or above the -20° level.
|
|
What speed should you penetrate at?
|
Recommended Turbulent air penetration speed
|
|
Should you disengage the autopilot before TS entry?
|
Yes
|
|
Should you avoid abrupt control inputs to avoid pilot-induced structural damage?
|
yes
|
|
More TS penetration Procedures. What do you do with the loose objects?
|
Secure them.
|
|
More TS penetration Procedures. What should you do with the shoulder harness and lap belt?
|
Tighten them
|
|
More TS penetration Procedures. What should you do with the lights?
|
Up to highest intensity to lessen temporary blindness
|
|
If your Pitot Heat isn't on already, you should
|
Turn it on
|
|
What do roll and wall clouds indicate?
|
The presence of low level wind shear and extreme turbulence.
|
|
What 4 methods can be used to detect a Microburst?
|
Visual cues, Wind shear alert systems, PIREPs, Dep/Arrival wx reports
|
|
What is the Altitude margin above a TS for?
|
Turbulence & hail
|
|
TS are most severe in the __ thirds of it.
|
Top 2/3rds
|
|
If a TS is approaching, do not ___ or ___.
|
Take off or land
|
|
Why do you want to Penetrate a TS perpendicular?
|
To minimize time in the Storm
|
|
What hazards to flight are associated with a TS?
|
Hail, Turbulence, Lightning
|