Jw Uhcl Developmental Biology Exam 2 Difficult

Front 1

General Fertilization Events
1) Contact & ***
2) *** of Sperm Entry
3) *** of genetic material
4) *** of egg metabolism

Back 1

1) Recognition
2) Regulation
3) Fusion
4) Activation

Front 2

--- Female Gametes ---
1) ***: mature "animal" gamete
2) ***: young mature gamete
3) ***: mature "lower plant/algae" gamete
4) ***: immature egg

Back 2

1) ovum
2) ovule
3) oosphere
4) oocyte

Front 3

Sea Urchin
1) Sperm attraction - ***(process)
2) Sperm activation - ***(particle)
3) Sperm adhesion - ***(particle)

Back 3

1) chemotaxis
2) resact peptide
3) bindin protein

Front 4

--- HUMAN egg/sperm fusion ---
1) *** protein is ESSENTIAL
2) Possibly binds to...

Back 4

1) Izumo
2) CD9

Front 5

--- Cortical Granule Reaction ---
1) 1st enzyme dissolves............
2) *** creates osmotic gradient between...
3) 3rd enzyme h*** *** *** in *** species
4) *** protein forms coat around egg through *** mechanism.

Back 5

1) VE & PM CONTACTS
2) Mucopolysaccharides --- VE & PM
3) hardens fertilization membrane --- mouse
4) hyalin --- slow block

Front 6

--- Sperm During Fertilization ---
1) Sperm nucleus ***
2) Sperm nucleus loses its ***
3) forming the....

Back 6

1) decondenses
2) nuclear envelope
3) pronucleus

Front 7

Sperm microtubule contain *** monomers in pairs called ***.

Back 7

alpha & beta-tubulin monomers
tubulin dimer

Front 8

*** is a form of asexual reproduction found in females that occurs w/o male fertilization.

Back 8

Parthenogenesis
parthenos - "virgin"
genesis - "birth"

Front 9

1) VE?
2) ovum in sea urchins are *** times the volume of sperm.

Back 9

1) Vitelline envelope
2) 10,000

Front 10

CG?

Back 10

Cortical granules

Front 11

1) CyclinE/cdk*** is critical for entry into ***.
2) CyclinB/cdk*** is critical for entry into ***.

Back 11

1) 2 --- mitosis
2) 1 --- S phase

Front 12

ZP3?

Back 12

Zona Pellucida sperm-binding protein 3

Front 13

--- Sperm During Fertilization ---
1) The *** of the sperm
2) connects the *** of both cells
3) forming ***

Back 13

1) centrioles
2) microtubules
3) aster

Front 14

1) Resact peptide activates *** of enzyme class ***.
2) causing conversion of *** to ****.
3) which increases *** activity of ***

Back 14

1) guanylate cyclase --- lyase
2) GTP > cGMP
3) ATPase activity --- dynein

---cyclic guanosine monophosphate

Front 15

1) cGMP activates *** ATPase activity.
2) cGMP?
3) What base does it contain?

Back 15

1) dynein
2) cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate
3) Guanine

Front 16

Resact is composed of # ***......

Back 16

14-residue peptides

Front 17

*** *** activates the *** receptor initiating Ca++ release from cortical granules.

Back 17

Inositol trisphosphate
IP3 receptor

Front 18

1) Sperm are expelled into the *** ***
2) of the testes and stored in the e***.

Back 18

1) seminiferous tubules
2) epididymis

Front 19

Cortical Granules
1) Derived from...
2) Contain....
3) *** per egg.

Back 19

1) golgi
2) proteosomes
3) 15,000

Front 20

--- Sperm-Egg Fusion ---
Polymerization of actin and the
1) extension of several microvilli form *** ***
2) which passes through the egg's *** ***

Back 20

1) fertilization cone
2) cytoplasmic bridge

Front 21

--- DISTINGUISH ---
1) Invagination is an infolding of...
2) Involution is an infolding of...

Back 21

1) a region of cells
2) an expanding outer layers

Front 22

Epidermis derives from the *** germ layer.

Back 22

Endoderm

Front 23

1) Ability to invaginate is innate property of *** *** *** cells...
2) located near the *** *** *** structure.

Back 23

1) Dorsal Marginal Zone
2) Dorsal Blastopore Lip

Front 24

--- Gastrulation in Xenopus ---
1) Involuting *** cells
2) migrate toward animal pole on a *** latice
3) secreted by *** *** cells

Back 24

1) mesodermal
2) fibronectin
3) blastocoel roof

Front 25

--- Gastrulation in Xenopus ---
1) Mesodermal mantle at *** *** of involuting cells...
2) migrate along inner surface of *** *** while
3) trailing prospective chordamesoderm physically *** and ***.

Back 25

1) lead edge
2) blastopore roof
3) narrow and lengthen

Front 26

--- Gastrulation in Zebrafish ---
1) Blastoderm composed of inner(***) and outer(***) layer.
2) Epiboly begins when the *** layer moves ***
3) expanding the blastoderm over *** causing its ***.

Back 26

--- Gastrulation in Zebrafish ---
1) hypoblast --- epiblast
2) hypoblast --- outward
3) yolk --- envelopment

Front 27

--- Gastrulation in Zebrafish ---
1) Inner(hypoblast) layer is likely derived from *** or *** processes.

Back 27

1) involution or ingression

Front 28

Drosophila has mRNA which encodes proteins...
1) *** and *** in the anterior.
2) *** and *** in the posterior.

Back 28

1) Bicoid and Nanos
2) Caudal and Hunchback

Front 29

--- Conditional Specification ---
1) The presence of other cells(even same kind) *** the *** of both partners.
2) This is called...

Back 29

1) restricts the potency
2) negative induction

Front 30

--- Activin Concentration in Animal Cap Cells ---
1) Low levels - Cells differentiate into ____ layer
2) which forms *** and *** tissue.

Back 30

1) ventral mesoderm
2) blood & connective

Front 31

--- Activin Concentration in Animal Cap Cells ---
1) High levels - Cells differentiate into...
2) Which forms ***, ***, and *** cells.

Back 31

1) mesoderm
2) heart, muscle, and notocord

Front 32

--- Morphogenetic Limb Field ---
1) Bottom area?
2) Top?
3) Center?
4) Behind 3 layers?

Back 32

1) Peribrachial flank tissue
2) Shoulder girdle
3) Free limb
4) 'surrounding area'

Front 33

First fate maps created using *** Experiment.

Back 33

Transplantation

Front 34

--- *** Specification ---
1) Bicoid is highest at *** end
2) Caudal is highest at *** end
3) Differentiation determined by *** of bicoid & caudal.
4) Alllowing cells to determine their *** in the *** ***.

Back 34

Syncytial
1) anterior
2) posterior
3) !!!RATIO!!!
4) !!!LOCATION!!! --- anterior-posterior axis

Front 35

***: Neither parallel to... or right angle to.

Back 35

Oblique

Front 36

Correlation: *** does not prove ***.

Back 36

Correlation --- causation

Front 37

1) Functional evidence: *** of the
2) postulated cause is ***
3) with the ***.

Back 37

1) Absence
2) associated
3) absence of effect

Front 38

Gain-of-Function evidence: *** of first event causes the second event to happen even when *** event *** ***.

Back 38

Initiation
neither event usually occurs.

Front 39

--- Gain-of-Function evidence ---
1) *** *** added to
2) *** eggs causing *** to be
3) released into egg causing
4) *** w/o ***.

Back 39

1) Calcium ionophores
2) unfertilized --- Ca2+

4)activation --- fertilization

Front 40

--- Stages of Zygote Development ---
1) Stage 1 - *** ball
2) Stage 2 - *** sphere
3) Stage 3 - tri*** cup

Back 40

1) morula --- solid ball
2) blastula --- hollow ball
3) gastrula --- trilaminar cup