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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name FOUR ways to discover 'fate maps.'
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Observe living embryos
vital dye Fluorescent dye -dextran Genetic marking/mosaics |
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What are the six general questions of developmental biology?
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evolution
morphogenesis differentiation growth environmental integration reproduction |
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*** was the first person to study a developing chicken fetus.
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Aristotle
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Three Major approaches to study embryology?
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– Anatomical approaches
– Experimental approaches – Genetic approaches |
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*** is the study of birth defects which helps us to understand normal development.
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Teratology
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*** was the first to do Comparative Embryology. He noted different ways ***.
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Aristotle
animals were born |
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Metamorphosis in frogs is initiated by ***.
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hormones from the thyroid gland
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Holoblastic?
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Entire egg divided into smaller cells
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*Who figured out the function of the placenta and umbilical cord?
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Aristotle
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Around ***... this scientist used the microscope to provide intricate drawings of chick development.
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1672... Marcello Malpighi
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*** organisms have three germ layers.
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Tripoblastic
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*** organisms have two germ layers and lack a true ***.
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Diploblastic
mesoderm |
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The endoderm germ layer produces what tissues/organs?
1 2 |
Digestive tract
Respiratory tract |
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The mesoderm germ layer produces what tissues/organs?
1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 |
Notocord
Bones Muscles RBC Kidney |
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The ectoderm germ layer produces what tissues/organs?
1 2 3 |
Epidermis
CNS Neural crest/melanocyte |
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The notocord in the *** inducts the *** layer to differentiate into the CNS.
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mesoderm
ectoderm |
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Von Baer discovered the *** and the ***.
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mammalian egg
notocord |
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The Von Baer Laws states: Only in *** s** of development do the s** f** of s** e**.
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later stages
special features species emerge |
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*** cells tightly connected and form sheets and tubes.
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Epithelial
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*** cells are unconnected to one another and operate independently.
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Mesenchymal
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Name 4 methods of cellular morphogenesis.
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Cell migration
Cell shape changes Cell growth Cell death |
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What is bad about vital dyes?
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hard to track after so many divisions
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Genetic marking: Permanent way of marking cells by creating *** embryos.
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mosaic
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Homologous structures: Organs underlying similarity comes from...
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common ancestral structure.
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Analogous structures: Organs underlying similarity comes from...
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similar function rather than ancestral structures.
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Human hands & bird wings are examples of...
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homologous structures
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Bat wings & butterfly wings are examples of....
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analogous structures
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Short legged Dachshunds have e*** c*** of *** gene.
It does what? |
extra copy of FGF4
Tells cartilage cells to stop dividing. |
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***% of human infants are born with a readily observable anatomical abnormality.
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2
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*Abnormalities caused by genetic defects are called ***.
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malformations
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*** is caused by a *** mutation in the KIT gene.
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Piebaldism
dominant |
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!!!***: Exogenous agents like chemicals, virus, radiation, and hyperthermia.
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Teratogens
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*Abnormalities caused by exogenous teratogens are called ***.
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disruptions
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*** was prescribed as a mild sedative to pregnant women in the 1950s.
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Thalidomide
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Thalidomide affected over *** children before it was stopped as a prescription.
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7000
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Name four disruptions caused by Tahlidomide.
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absent long bones
heart defects absence of external ear parts malformed intestines. |
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*Animal models for *** were studied to discover underlying cause of malformation.
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Piebaldism
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Bone marrow develops *** of new RBC/minute.
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millions
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Tahlidomide is now used as *** drug.
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antitumor
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You replace *** of skin cells per day.
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one gram
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The result is *** germ cells... each with a *** nucleus.
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four
haploid |
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Prokaryotes do not have *** or ***.
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histones
introns |
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Name three germ layers from inside to outside.
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Endoderm
Mesoderm Ectoderm |
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The embryo is the mediator between the *** and the ***.
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genotype and the phenotype.
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