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117 Cards in this Set

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A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of human intravenous immunoglobulin for the acute management of presumptive primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs
Compared with corticosteroids alone, adjunctive emergency therapy of a single hIVIG infusion was safe and associated with a significant reduction in platelet count recovery time and duration of hospitalization without increasing the expense of medical care in a small group of dogs with presumed pIMT.
Accuracy of an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) immunoluminometric assay for differentiating ACTH-dependent from ACTH-independent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs
No overlap in ACTH concentrations was observed between dogs with ACTH Dependent HAC and dogs with AIHAC. The use of a new technique with high analytical sensitivity made it possible to use a low threshold (5 pg/mL), avoiding the misclassification of some ADHAC cases with low, but quantifiable concentrations of ACTH. The assessment of ACTH concentrations by ILMA is an accurate tool for differentiating between ADHAC and AIHAC.
Acute effect of pimobendan and furosemide on the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy dogs
Short-term administration of high-dose pimobendan does not activate the RAAS in healthy dogs. Pimobendan did not prevent RAAS activation associated with furosemide therapy. These results in healthy dogs suggest that furosemide therapy, with or without pimobendan, should be accompanied by RAAS suppressive therapy.
Adenohypophyseal function in dogs with primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal illness
Dogs with spontaneous primary HypoT4 (PH) hypersecrete GH but have little or no TSH hypersecretion. Development of hyperprolactinemia (and possible galactorrhea) in dogs with PH seems to occur only in sexually intact bitches. In this group of dogs with nonthyroidal illness, basal and stimulated plasma adenohypophyseal hormone concentrations were not altered.
Adverse effects of concurrent carboplatin chemotherapy and radiation therapy in dogs
Combined modality therapy resulted in myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicosis. Future studies are needed to determine whether the potential benefit of combined modality therapy outweighs the risk of decreasing chemotherapy and radiation treatment intensity.
Adverse effects of intravenous amiodarone in 5 dogs
The 5 dogs described here developed acute adverse reactions to IV amiodarone including pruritus, erythema, subcutaneous edema, hives, agitation, tachypnea, and hypotension. These effects may be related to the solvent polysorbate 80 found in the different drug formulations used.
Alternate pathway of infection with Hepatozoon americanum and the epidemiologic importance of predation
Predation of prey harboring infected Amblyomma maculatum or containing cystozoites of H. americanum in their tissues provide 2 modes of transmission of ACH to dogs, putting unconfined dogs at increased risk of infection in endemic areas.
An investigation of the action of Neutral Protamine Hagedorn human analogue insulin in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus
These results suggest that Humulin N administered SC twice daily is an effective mode of treatment for dogs with naturally occurring DM. Postprandial hyperglycemia is present in some well-regulated diabetic dogs treated with Humulin N.
Analysis of 8 sarcomeric candidate genes for feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Mutations within these cardiac genes do not appear to be the only cause of HCM in these breeds. Evaluation of additional cardiac genes is warranted to identify additional molecular causes of this feline cardiac disease.
Anemia is associated with decreased survival time in dogs with lymphoma
Cancer-related anemia is more frequent in dogs with lymphoma than in control dogs or dogs with osteosarcoma. Dogs with lymphoma and anemia had a significantly decreased survival time compared with dogs without anemia. There was no effect of anemia on remission time in dogs with lymphoma. Anemic dogs with osteosarcoma did not have decreased survival or remission time compared with nonanemic dogs with osteosarcoma.
Antemortem diagnosis of localized central nervous system histiocytic sarcoma in 2 dogs
The MR image characteristics and CSF analysis, including immunocytochemical immunophenotyping and postmortem findings, confirmed the presence of a primary Histiocytic Sarcoma with metastasis within the CNS, possibly tracking along the meninges.
Anti-endothelial cell antibodies in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and other diseases associated with high risk of thromboembolism
We conclude that anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) are rarely detectable in dogs considered at high risk of thromboembolism. These findings suggest that AECA may not play an important role in the pathogenesis of thromboembolism in dogs with IMHA and other inflammatory diseases.
Antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with lymphoma
Results suggest that dogs with lymphoma have alterations in oxidant and antioxidant concentrations and that the status of some of these biomarkers normalize after remission. Further studies are warranted to determine whether antioxidant interventions to correct these are beneficial in the treatment of canine lymphoma.
Ascites is a negative prognostic indicator in chronic hepatitis in dogs
Ascites is a significant negative prognostic indicator in dogs with CH.
Asparaginase and MOPP treatment of dogs with lymphoma
L-Asp/MOPP chemotherapy might result in longer progression free survival and OST for dogs with multicentric T-cell lymphoma, dogs with hypercalcemic lymphoma or both, than achieved with CHOP.
Association between waste management and cancer in companion animals
Waste emission from illegal dumping sites increases cancer risk in dogs residing in high-danger areas. An increased prevalence of lymphoma has been previously recognized in humans living close to illegal waste dumps. Thus, epidemiological studies of spontaneous tumors in dogs might suggest a role for environmental factors in canine and human carcinogenesis and can predict health hazards for humans.
Association of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration with mitral regurgitation severity and outcome in dogs with asymptomatic degenerative mitral valve disease
NT-proBNP is correlated with MVD severity and prognosis in dogs with asymptomatic MVD
Blood lactate concentrations in anesthetized dogs with intracranial disease
Dogs with meningioma and hydrocephalus had higher blood lactate concentrations compared with dogs with IVDD. Only dogs with meningioma had clinically important hyperlactatemia.
Calcium reuptake related genes as a cardiac biomarker in dogs with chronic mitral valvular insufficiency
The mRNA expression levels of PLN and HAX-1, but not SERCA2a were significantly, reduced in dogs with moderate to severe CMVI. The reduced PLN and HAX-1 expressions were highly correlated with the severity of heart failure, vertebral heart score, and left atrium to aortic root ratio.
Cellular and molecular characterization of a feline insulinoma
The feline insulinoma produced several peptide hormones and expressed genes consistent with a beta-cell phenotype. The pattern of hexokinase gene expression in tumor cells differed from that of normal pancreas. These findings suggest insulinoma cells may have an increased sensitivity to glucose that could contribute to the abnormal insulin secretory response observed at low serum glucose concentrations.
Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia in dogs
Idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis is a common cause of eosinophilic pleocytosis in dogs. MRI findings are variable. Infectious causes of EME were less common and had a poor prognosis.
Cerebrospinal fluid PCR and antibody concentrations against Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in dogs with neurological signs
Based on this study, these bacteria are unlikely causes of neurologic disease in dogs and the presence of serum antibodies alone does not document or establish a definitive diagnosis of CNS disease caused by these organisms. Dogs that have neurologic disease and corresponding serum antibodies against these agents should have additional tests performed to assess for other potential etiologies of the signs.
Changes in regulatory T cells in dogs with cancer and associations with tumor type
The percentage of Tregs was significantly increased overall in dogs with cancer compared with control dogs. When tumor types were compared, Treg percentages were significantly increased in dogs with carcinoma. The Treg/CD8 T cell ratio was significantly higher in dogs with cancer compared with control dogs and was also significantly increased in 2 dogs with T-cell lymphoma.
Clinical evaluation of a novel liquid formulation of L-thyroxine for once daily treatment of dogs with hypothyroidism
All of the hypothyroid dogs had rapid clinical and hormonal responses to supple- mentation with the PO-administered L-T4 solution. The starting dosage of 20 mcg L-T4/kg BW once daily was suitable for 79% of dogs.
Combination chemotherapy with continuous L-asparaginase, lomustine, and prednisone for relapsed canine lymphoma
These findings support previous data concluding that the LAP protocol is a viable rescue treatment option for dogs with LSA. However, results from this study suggest that continued use of L-asparaginase with each lomustine treatment does not significantly increase remission duration and toxicity appears greater.
Combination therapy with digoxin and diltiazem controls ventricular rate in chronic atrial fibrillation in dogs better than digoxin or diltiazem monotherapy: a randomized crossover study in 18 dogs
At the dosages used in this study, digoxin-diltiazem combination therapy provided a greater rate control than either drug alone in dogs with Afib.
Combined gemcitabine and carboplatin therapy for carcinomas in dogs
GEM and CARBO combination causes mild to moderate hematologic and GI toxicosis in dogs with carcinoma. Response rate in this study was modest, and optimization of dosing of this combination is required.
Comparison of 2 doses of recombinant human thyrotropin for thyroid function testing in healthy and suspected hypothyroid dogs
TSH dose significantly influenced test interpretation in suspected hypothyroid dogs. Differentiation between primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal disease was improved with 150 mcg rhTSH. Because this effect was independent of the dogs’ body weight, the higher dose is recommended in dogs that have concurrent disease or are receiving medication.
Comparison of two regimens for the treatment of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology
The adverse effects of vincristine and cyclophosphamide make it an unsuitable treatment for MUE. Although survival of animals treated with cytosine arabinoside was broadly similar to that reported in recently published studies describing this treatment, it remains unclear whether it confers any benefit over using prednisolone alone.
Cryopreservation of canine platelets
Cryopreservation of canine platelets using Thrombosol did not provide any advantage over preservation using 6% DMSO. Cryopreserved platelets can be activated in vitro and provide therapeutic benefit when fresh platelets are unavailable. Further studies are needed to assess their in vivo hemostatic function.
Dacarbazine as single-agent therapy for relapsed lymphoma in dogs
DTIC, when used alone, is effective in the treatment of dogs with relapsed lymphoma. Thrombocytopenia was the principal toxicity noted 7-14 days after treatment.
Daily rhythms of left atrial pressure in beagle dogs with mitral valve regurgitation
Diurnal LAP is characterized by a slight but significant nocturnal decrease and abrupt increases in response to excitation. The latter seemed to be more important considering the relationship with clinical manifestations. The clinical relevance of exercise restriction in the management of MR was acknowledged.
Decreased triadin and increased calstabin2 expression in Great Danes with dilated cardiomyopathy
Great Dane dogs with DCM demonstrate abnormal calstabin2 and triadin expression. These changes likely affect Ca2+ flux within cardiac cells and may contribute to the pathophysiology of disease. Microarray- based analysis identifies calstabin2, triadin, and RyR2 function as targets of future study.
Diagnosis of pulmonary arterio-venous fistula and persistent left cranial vena cava by 3-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction
CT confirmed presence of a pulmonary AV fistula in a 5 mo FI GSD with multiple congenital cardiac abnormalities.
Dietary management of hepatic copper accumulation in Labrador Retrievers
Feeding low-copper diets to Labradors is effective in decreasing hepatic copper con- centrations. Adjunctive treatment with zinc does not appear to increase the copper-lowering effects of dietary management.
Distal renal tubular acidosis and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in 3 dogs
This report documents distal RTA in 3 dogs with IMHA. Given the frequent association of distal RTA with immune-mediated disorders in humans, the identification of these 3 dogs with immune-mediated disease and concurrent distal RTA emphasizes the im- portance for awareness of this condition when assessing and treating animals with immune-mediated conditions.
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant pamidronate with palliative radiotherapy and intravenous doxorubicin for canine appendicular osteosarcoma bone pain
Combining pamidronate with standardized palliative therapy is safe, but does not clearly improve pain alleviation. However, in dogs achieving durable pain control, adjuvant pamidronate appears to decrease focal bone resorption in the local tumor microenvironment.
Dual chamber pacemaker implantation in dogs with atrioventricular block
Dual chamber pacing is a feasible procedure in dogs with 2nd- or 3rd-degree AV block and is not associated with a higher complication rate compared with single chamber pacemaker systems. A major advantage over ventricular demand pacemaker systems is the restoration of AV synchrony for a substantial period of time.
Effect of experimental hypothyroidism on glomerular filtration rate and plasma creatinine concentration in dogs
Hypothyroidism causes a substantial decrease in GFR without altering plasma creati- nine concentrations, indicating that GFR evaluation is needed to identify renal dysfunction in such patients.
Effect of pimobendan on echocardiographic values in dogs with asymptomatic mitral valve disease
This study did not identify beneficial long-term changes in the severity of mitral regur- gitation after addition of PIMO to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor treatment of dogs with asymptomatic MVD.
Effect of repeated arthrocentesis on cytologic analysis of synovial fluid in dogs
Serial arthrocentesis at 3-week intervals can rarely be associated with mild mononu- clear joint inflammation, but does not appear to induce neutrophilic inflammation, at least in healthy dogs, and can be useful to monitor treatment response in canine IMPA.
Effect of thyroxine supplementation on glomerular filtration rate in hypothyroid dogs
GFR was <2mL/min/kg in untreated hypothyroid dogs. Re-establishment of a euthyroid state increased GFR significantly.
Effects of aging on inner ear morphology in dogs in relation to brainstem responses to toneburst auditory stimuli
Age related hearing loss in this specific population of geriatric dogs was comparable histologically to the mixed type of ARHL in humans. The predominance of histological changes in the basal cochlear turn was consistent with the large threshold shifts observed in the middle- to high-frequency region.
Effects of body positioning on swallowing and esophageal transit in healthy dogs
Lateral body positioning significantly increases cervical esophageal transit time and affects the type of peristaltic wave generated by a swallow.
Effects of firocoxib and tepoxalin on healing in a canine gastric mucosal injury model
COX-2 inhibition by firocoxib slowed wound healing by a mechanism independent of prostaglandin synthesis. Suppression of mucosal prostaglandin production by tepoxalin did not alter mucosal lesion healing compared with placebo.
Effects of prednisone alone or prednisone with ultralow-dose aspirin on the gastroduodenal mucosa of healthy dogs
The concurrent use of prednisone and ultralow-dose aspirin did not increase the severity of gastroduodenal lesions compared with prednisone or placebo. Coadministration of prednisone and ultralow-dose aspirin increases the frequency of mild, self-limiting diarrhea in some dogs.
Effects of prednisone on blood lactate concentrations in healthy dogs
Dogs treated with prednisone experience statistically significant increases in blood lactate concentrations, which can result in type B hyperlactatemia. In such cases, improving tissue perfusion, treatment for the commonest form of hyperlactatemia (type A) would be unnecessary.
Efficacy of benazepril hydrochloride to delay the progression of occult dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers
Benazepri in particular and ACEIs in general might delay the progression of occult DCM. Prospective studies are warranted to test this theory.
Efficacy of combination chemotherapy for treatment of gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs
The response and survival of dogs with GI lymphoma treated with multiagent chemotherapy is poor but long-term survival is possible. Dogs that failed to achieve a remission or had diarrhea at initial presentation had shorter survival times.
Endoscopic-assisted intracranial tumor removal in dogs and cats: long-term outcome of 39 cases
These results demonstrate that the use of an endoscope to assist in brain tumor removal is apparently safe and might result in improved survival times.
Evaluation of a portable meter to measure ketonemia and comparison with ketonuria for the diagnosis of canine diabetic ketoacidosis
Measurement of ketonemia is accurate and more effective than measurement of ketonuria to diagnose canine DKA.
Evaluation of adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for the treatment of feline mammary carcinoma
This study did not find a benefit to adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in cats with FMC. Additional studies are required to determine whether patient subgroups with negative prognostic factors may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Evaluation of pimobendan and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease in dogs
Pimobendan lowered severity of measurable PHT, improved quality-of-life scores, and decreased NT-proBNP concentrations short-term. Long term, only the reduction in tricuspid regurgitant flow velocity was maintained.
Evaluation of predictors of the development of azotemia in cats
This study demonstrates a high incidence of azotemia in a population of previously healthy geriatric cats. Proteinuria, along with serum creatinine concentration at presentation was significantly associated with development of azotemia although causal association cannot be inferred. Evaluation of NAG index offered no additional benefit.
Evidence of inheritance of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in Irish Wolfhounds
Our results show that IHPSS in Irish Wolfhounds is a familial disorder that is likely genetic. It is unlikely that the mode of inheritance is monogenic. A digenic, triallelic trait could explain the observed occurrence of IHPSS but other modes of inheritance cannot be excluded.
Exogenous insulin treatment after hypofractionated radiotherapy in cats with diabetes mellitus and acromegaly
Radiotherapy represents an effective treatment for cats with insulin-resistant DM resulting from acromegaly. IGF-1 concentration after treatment does not provide a suitable method by which remission from either acromegaly or insulin-resistant DM may be assessed.
Field safety and efficacy of protamine zinc recombinant human insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats
PZIR is effective for controlling glycemia in diabetic cats and can be used as an initial treatment or as an alternative treatment in diabetic cats that do not respond to treatment with other insulin preparations.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirms clearance of visible Helicobacter spp. associated with gastritis in dogs and cats
Application of FISH to routine biopsy specimens enabled rapid and specific identi- fication of Helicobacter spp. within the gastric mucosa of dogs and cats. Although medical therapy was useful in resolution of clinical signs and clearance of visible Helicobacter spp. in gastric biopsies, gastric inflammation persisted.
Genetic and environmental risk indicators in canine non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: breed associations and geographic distribution of 608 cases diagnosed throughout France over 1 year
Influence of genetics in the development of CNHL was supported by the existence of an association between breed and immunophenotype. Waste incinerators, polluted sites, and radioactive waste could just be considered as risk indicators of CNHL, but not as risk factors. Case-control studies around critical sites are necessary to confirm the implication of those environmental factors in the development of CNHL.
Gingival hyperplasia associated with the administration of amlodipine to dogs with degenerative valvular disease (2004-2008)
Long-term administration of amlodipine to dogs with degenerative valvular disease may cause GH in a small percentage of patients. GH resolves quickly after withdrawal of amlodipine treatment.
Glutathione, cysteine, and ascorbate concentrations in clinically ill dogs and cats
Clinically ill dogs had decreased erythrocyte glutathione concentrations, which could be a marker of illness severity and prognostic of a poor outcome. Clinically ill cats had an unexpectedly high plasma ascorbate, which could represent a unique species response to oxidative stress.
Hematology and serum biochemistry of feline immunodeficiency virus-infected and feline leukemia virus-infected cats
Hematologic abnormalities are common in FeLV-infected but not in FIV-infected cats. Clinicopathologic abnormalities are less frequent in FIV-infected cats and might reflect an unspecific immunologic response.
Hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets in a Pomeranian dog caused by a novel mutation in the vitamin D receptor gene
This report describes a Vitamin D Receptor gene mutation resulting in Hereditary Vitamin D Resistant Rickets in a dog.
Idiopathic eosinophilic masses of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs
These findings suggest that the prognosis for dogs with IEGM may be good when recognized and managed appropriately (prednisone/ivermectin). When surgery is performed, medical treatment should also be added.
Influence of Enterococcus faecium SF68 probiotic on giardiasis in dogs
Short-term treatment with E. faecium SF68 of dogs with chronic naturally acquired subclinical giardiasis fails to affect giardial cyst shedding or antigen content and does not alter innate or adaptive immune responses.
Influence of isoflurane general anesthesia or anesthesia and surgery on thyroid function tests in dogs
Surgery and anesthesia have a significant effect on thyroid function tests in dogs.
Ionized hypercalcemia in dogs: a retrospective study of 109 cases (1998-2003)
Serum-ionized hypercalcemia was most commonly associated with neoplasia, specifi- cally lymphosarcoma. Although dogs with lymphosarcoma and anal sac adenocarcinoma had higher serum iCa concentrations than dogs with other diseases, the magnitude of the serum iCa concentration could not be used to predict the cause of hypercalcemia. Total serum calcium and corrected calcium concentrations did not accurately reflect the calcium status of the dogs in this study.
Ionized hypocalcemia in critically ill dogs
In dogs not previously treated with fluids or blood products intravenously, the finding of iHCa upon admission to the ICU predicted a longer duration of ICU and hospital stay. Septic dogs with positive cultures were more likely to have iHCa.
Isolation or molecular detection of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii from dogs with idiopathic cavitary effusions
Bartonella henselae, vinsonii subsp berkhoffi or both were isolated from 5 dogs with pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial effusions. 2 of 5 dogs did well with antibiotic treatment. Recommendation to use Bartonella alpha-proteobacterial growth medium prior to DNA amplication or culture to improve diagnostic yield of organism.
Juvenile pancreatic atrophy in Greyhounds: 12 cases (1995-2000)
Compound failure of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas is rarely reported in dogs and neither disease is well recognized in the Greyhound. This condition is of potential economic importance to the Greyhound racing industry.
Ki-67 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in intracranial meningiomas in dogs
MIB-1 antibody can be used to document cell proliferation in intracranial meningiomas in dogs, but does not predict outcome.

No association between VEGF as a marker of angiogenesis and tumor proliferation was found.

Angiogenesis might be a more important predictor of meningioma activity in dogs than is Ki-67.
Lack of evidence of pregnancy-induced alloantibodies in dogs
These results confirm previous studies and clinical transfusion medicine experience. Naturally occurring anti-DEA 7 alloantibodies have been reported but their clinical relevance has not been shown. Pregnancy does not appear to sensitize dogs to RBC antigens. Consequently, dogs with prior history of pregnancy can be used safely as blood donors. Conversely, no additional pretransfusion compatibility studies would be required should these dogs themselves need to be transfused.
Linear-accelerator-based modified radiosurgical treatment of pituitary tumors in cats: 11 cases (1997-2008)
Single fraction modified radiosurgery is a safe and effective approach to the treatment of pituitary tumors in cats.
Magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with neurologic impairment due to acute thoracic and lumbar intervertebral disk herniation
MRI features were associated with initial injury severity in dogs with thoracolumbar disk herniation. Based on results of this study, the T2W length ratio and presence of T2W intramedullary hyperintensity appear to be predictive of long-term ambulatory status.
Magnetic resonance imaging of right ventricular morphology and function in boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
These findings could be interpreted to suggest that arrhythmias and myocardial dysfunction precede the development of morphological abnormalities in dogs with ARVC.
Optimal testing for thyroid hormone concentration after treatment with methimazole in healthy and hyperthyroid cats
Timing of blood sampling after oral methimazole administration does not appear to be a significant factor when assessing response to methimazole treatment.
Pancreatic islet cell tumor secreting insulin-like growth factor type-II in a dog
A 7 yo FI Gordon Setter was presented for progressive weakness and ataxia that seemed to improve after eating. Fasting hypoglycemia and hypoinsulinemia was noted. IGF-II staining of pancreatic tumor tissue suggested IGF-II was underlying cause. Surgical resection of tumor alleviated clinical signs
Peripheral nucleated red blood cells as a prognostic indicator in heatstroke in dogs
Relative and absolute numbers of peripheral NRBC are clinically useful, correlate with the secondary complications, and are sensitive and specific markers of death in dogs with heatstroke, although they should never be used as a sole prognostic indicator nor should they replace clinical assessment.
Polymicrogyria in standard poodles
All dogs had cortical blindness and other neurologic abnormalities including gait and behavioral changes. Magnetic resonance imaging of 3 dogs showed multiple disorganized gyri, which were especially apparent on T2-weighted dorsal plane images. Electroencephalogram (EEG) of 1 dog revealed epileptiform discharges, including both spike and spike and wave discharges with voltage maximum potentials over the parietal/occipital region. The EEG supported that the repetitive behavior displayed by the dog was a complex partial motor seizure. One dog had concurrent hydrocephalus. All dogs had occipital lobe involvement and 2 dogs had involvement of other lobes.
Possible emergence of drug-resistant variants of Babesia gibsoni in clinical cases treated with atovaquone and azithromycin
The combination of ATV and AZM can be used as a first-line treatment for dogs with babesiosis, but relapses occur. Attention should be paid to the possible in vivo selection of drug-resistant variants.
Prevalence of deafness in dogs heterozygous or homozygous for the merle allele
Deafness prevalence in merle dogs was greater than that in some dog breeds homozygous for the piebald gene, such as the English Cocker Spaniel, but comparable to, or lower than, that in the Dalmatian and white Bull Terrier. Dogs homozygous for the merle allele were significantly more likely to be deaf than heterozygotes.
Primary hepatitis in dogs: a retrospective review (2002-2006)
The majority of Primary hepatitis in dogs is Chronic Hepatitis. Previous studies appear to have underestimated the etiologic role of copper in both AH and CH. Prognosis is reduced in dogs with hepatic cirrhosis or cirrhosis-related clinical findings. Further research into etiology and treatment effectiveness in all PH forms is needed.
Primary hyperparathyroidism and monoclonal gammopathy in a dog
The discovery of monoclonal gammopathy in a dog with hypercalcemia does not necessary indicate multiple myeloma, or does not rule out PHPT. By analogy with human medicine, in which an association between gammopathy and PHPT has been demonstrated, it may be interesting to investigate the occurrence of monoclonal gammopathy in dogs with PHPT.
Prospective echocardiographic and tissue Doppler imaging screening of a population of Maine Coon cats tested for the A31P mutation in the myosin-binding protein C gene: a specific analysis of the heterozygous status
The heterozygous status is not consistently associated with LVH and major myocardial dysfunction. Moreover, Homo WT cats can also develop LVH, suggesting that other genetic causes might be implicated
Prothrombotic and inflammatory effects of intravenous administration of human immunoglobulin G in dogs
Administration of hIVIgG to dogs promotes hypercoagulability and an inflammatory state. This should be further evaluated and considered when using hIVIgG in dogs with IMHA or other prothrombotic conditions.
Protozoal hepatitis associated with immunosuppressive therapy in a dog
Neosporosis secondary to immunosuppression in a dog treated for IMHA
Ralstonia pickettii septicemia in a dog with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
4 yo FS Rottie was presented for epistaxis and treated with prednisone, azathioprine and cyclosporine for ITP. 14 days after leaving the hospital the dog returned for severe lethargy. Ralstonia pickettii septicemia was diagnosed from blood cultures.
Recurrent osteomyelitis in a cat due to infection with Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype II
A 4 yo FS DSH had osteomyelitis due to Bartonella vinsonii subsp. Berkhoffii
Relationship among plasma amino acids, C-reactive protein, illness severity, and outcome in critically ill dogs
Critically ill dogs have altered amino acid profiles. Total Branched amino acids and Fisher ratio (BCAA:AAA) were higher in survivors.
Relationships between low serum cobalamin concentrations and methlymalonic acidemia in cats
Elevated MMA concentrations, suggesting cobalamin deficiency, are common in cats with serum cobalamin <250 ng/L. Cobalamin deficiency is clinically significant, and supplementation with parenteral cobalamin is recommended for cats with gastrointestinal disease and low serum cobalamin concentrations.
Remission of histiocytic ulcerative colitis in Boxer dogs correlates with eradication of invasive intramucosal Escherichia coli
The correlation between clinical remission and the eradication of mucosally invasive E. coli during treatment with enrofloxacin supports the causal involvement of E. coli in the development of HUC in susceptible Boxer dogs. A poor response to enrofloxacin treatment might be due to colonization with enrofloxacin-resistant E. coli.
Retinol-binding protein in serum and urine of hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with radioiodine
The presence of urinary RBP in HT cats is a potential marker of tubular dysfunction that is correlated to thyroid status, although it is independent of circulating RBP concentrations. The decreased uRBP/c combined with the absence of changes in serum RBP after treatment suggests that the suspected tubular dysfunction was partly reversible with treatment of 131I.
Seizure-like episodes in 3 cats with intermittent high-grade atrioventricular dysfunction
high- grade AV dysfunction that mimicked epilepsy in 3 cats.
Sequencing of the von Hippel-Lindau gene in canine renal carcinoma
Although similarities between canine and human RCC merit further investigation of the dog as a model for some subtypes of renal tumors, the lower prevalence of VHL mutations suggests that oncogenesis in these 2 species differs.
Sequential low-dose rate half-body irradiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of canine multicentric lymphoma
Results of this study suggest that treatment intensification by a 2-week interradiation treatment interval coupled with interradiation chemotherapy is an effective treatment for dogs with lymphoma.
Serum acute phase protein concentrations in dogs with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
An Acute Phase Response occurs in canine IMHA. Initial acute phase protein concentrations are not predictive of acute survival, correlate with hematologic markers of remission, and normalize rapidly with disease stabilization.
Serum cardiac troponin I concentration in retired racing greyhounds
Greyhounds have a reference range for serum cTnI concentrations that differs from that of other previously published reference ranges for dogs of other breeds. Until a broader database and more precise reference range can be established, caution should be exercised in interpreting serum cTnI concentrations in Greyhounds with suspected cardiac disease.
Serum serotonin concentrations in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease
Dogs with DMVD had significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations when compared with large breed control dogs. Healthy CKCS dogs had significantly higher serum 5HT concentrations than other healthy dogs predisposed to DMVD. Additional investigation into a possible role of 5HT in the pathogenesis of DMVD is warranted.
Size and shape of right heart chambers in mitral valve regurgitation in small-breed dogs
RH chambers are not significantly dilated in dogs with mild to moderate MR without CHF.

In CHF, RH chambers enlarge and also may be compressed by the LH chambers.

Pulmonary hypertension probably is present in some dogs with CHF.

Increased sternal contact is not a useful sign of right-sided heart dilatation in MR.
Soy protein isolate versus meat-based low-protein diet for dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts
Both diets achieved a significant improvement in HE score. The influence of the soy-based diet on plasma NH3 concentration and coagulation parameters suggests that such a diet decreases the risk for HE and gives better support of liver function.
Status epilepticus and epileptic seizures in dogs
Dogs with reactive seizures caused by poisoning had a significantly higher risk of developing status epilepticus, particularly as 1st manifestation of a seizure disorder.

After SE, dogs with symptomatic epilepsy had a significantly lower probability of survival than dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and reactive ESs.

In dogs showing SE as the 1st manifestation of a seizure disorder, intoxication should always be considered and appropriate investigations undertaken. Dogs with SE owing to toxicosis have more favorable outcomes than dogs with symptomatic epilepsy.
Steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis: a prospective study of potential disease markers, prednisolone treatment, and long-term outcome in 20 dogs (2006-2008)
The prednisolone regimen presented was successful in treating SRMA without the need for additional drugs. Serum acute phase proteins are of use in the diagnosis and management of SRMA, particularly in relation to identifying relapse. Serum and CSF IgA concentrations remain increased throughout disease, aiding in diagnosis but not contributing to the management of SRMA.
Surfactant protein C in canine pulmonary fibrosis
SP-C could not be detected in BALF of 1 dog with PF, although SP-B was present. A mutation was detected in SFTPC exon 5 of this dog. From 2 dogs with PF and in all 5 control dogs SP-B and SP-C were detected in BALF. Taken together, the results indicate that canine and human lung fibrosis share histopathologic features and that analysis of SP-C and its gene in a larger set of dogs with PF is warranted.
Survival analysis of 97 cats with nasal lymphoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study (1986-2006)
there were no significant differences in survival times among the 3 treatment groups (RT, chemo, RT + chemo) but these results suggest that the addition of higher doses of RT to a cat’s treatment protocol may control local disease and therefore influence survival. Anemia was negative indicator. Total RT dose and complete response to treatment were positive indicators of survival.
Temporal variability of ventricular arrhythmias in Boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
The likelihood of PVC occurrence in Boxer dogs with ARVC was relatively constant throughout the day, although slightly greater during the hours of 0800–1200 and 1600–2000. A biologically important correlation with HR was not apparent. The role of autonomic activity in the modulation of electrical instability in the Boxer with ARVC requires further study.
The cardiac biomarker NT-proBNP is increased in dogs with azotemia
Azotemia results in NT-proBNP being increased to concentrations reported as diagnostic of heart disease or heart failure in dogs. Care should be employed when interpreting the results of NT-proBNP in patients with known or possible increased plasma creatinine concentration.
The effect of hetastarch on urine specific gravity and osmolality in the dog
Urine specific gravity should not be used to estimate urine solute concentration in dogs following the administration of 20mL/kg of HES. In a clinical setting, the evaluation of USG following this dose of HES may lead to an overestimation of urine concentration.
Tissue Doppler and strain imaging in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease in different stages of congestive heart failure
Few TDI and strain variables were changed in dogs with MMVD with and without CHF. Intraventricular dyssynchrony may be an early sign of MMVD or may be an age-related finding.
Tolerability of gemcitabine and carboplatin doublet therapy in cats with carcinomas
Gemcitabine-carboplatin combination appears moderately well tolerated in tumor- bearing cats. Minimal patient benefit suggests that alternative schedules or combinations of gemcitabine with other agents should be explored.
Toxicity in Doberman Pinchers with ventricular arrhythmias treated with amiodarone (1996-2005)
Adverse effects from amiodarone were common and were, in part, dosage related. Patients should be monitored for signs of toxicity and liver enzyme activity should be measured at least monthly.
Transcatheter atrial septal defect closure with the Amplatzer atrial septal occluder in 13 dogs: short- and mid-term outcome
Seems to be a viable treatment option. The mean length of event-free survival in the 10 dogs that underwent successful transcatheter ASD closure was 22.2 +/-10.2 months.
Ultrasound-guided cytology of spleen and liver: a prognostic tool in canine cutaneous mast cell tumor
Dogs with evidence of mast cell infiltration at distant sites have a shorter survival time than dogs without evidence of infiltration at distant sites. This study suggests that cytology of spleen and liver is indicated either for ultrasonographically normal or for ultrasonographically abnormal spleen and liver in dogs with cMCT.
Unilateral and bilateral congenital sensorineural deafness in client-owned pure-breed white cats
Congenital sensorineural deafness frequently occurs in pure-breed cats with white coat color. Unilateral sensorineural deafness was as common as bilateral deafness. Blue eye color is associated with deafness.
Urinary corticoid: creatinine ratios in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism during trilostane treatment
The UCCR cannot be used as an alternative to the ACTH stimulation test to determine the optimal dose of trilostane, but might be helpful in detecting dogs at risk for developing hypocortisolism during trilostane treatment.
Use of auscultation and Doppler echocardiography in Boxer puppies to predict development of subaortic or pulmonary stenosis
Even though VmaxAo increases during growth in Boxer puppies, indicating relative narrowing of the aorta, puppies with VmaxAo < 2.4 m/s do not usually progress to clinically have relevant SAS at 12 months of age.
Use of computed tomography (CT) scanning and colorectal new methylene blue infusion in evaluation of an English Bulldog with a rectourethral fistula
This report describes the successful use of CT and cystourethrography to diagnose a rectourethral fistula in an English Bulldog
Vitamin D-dependent hereditary rickets type I in a cat
VDDR I in a young cat. VDDR I is defect in gene encoding 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-alpha hydroxylase. VDDR II is defect in gene encoding vitamin D receptor.