June 4, 2007

Front 1

Classic signs for cystitis

Back 1

Suprapubic tenderness
Dysuria
Frequency
Urgency

Front 2

Location of initial pain in appendicitis

Back 2

Periumbilical

Front 3

3 enteric organisms that ferment lactose

Back 3

E. coli
Enterobacter
Klebsiella

Front 4

Mottling of tooth enamel

Back 4

Tetracyclines side effect when used in children under 8 or in pregnant women

Front 5

Verruca vulgaris

Back 5

Common wart
Benign papilloma
HPV

Front 6

Glomerulonephritis
Findings?

Back 6

Hematuria
Red cell casts
Oliguria
Azotemia
Hypertension

Front 7

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 7

Severe lower abdominal pain
Fever
Purulent cervical discharge
Cervical motion tenderness

Front 8

Fluoroquinolones

Back 8

Ciprofloxacin
Norfloxacin
Moxifloxacin

Front 9

Fluoroquinolones MoA

Back 9

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II)

Front 10

Fluoroquinolones indications

Back 10

Gram-negative rods of urinary and gi tracts

Front 11

Fluoroquinolones toxicities

Back 11

Damage to cartilage in fetus and children
Tendonitis and tendon rupture in adults

Front 12

1st generation cephalosporins agents and clinical use

Back 12

Cefazolin
Cephalexin

Gram-Positive cocci:
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella penumoniae

PEcK

Front 13

2nd generation cephalosporins agents and clinical use

Back 13

Agents:
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime

Use: Gram-positive cocci
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria spp
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
Serratia marcescens

HEN PEcKS

Front 14

3rd generation cephalosporins agents and clinical use

Back 14

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime

Use: Gram-negative resistant to other B-lactams; meningitis

Front 15

4th generation cephalosporins agents and clinical use

Back 15

Cefepime
Cefpiramide

Incr activity against Pseudomonas and gram-positive organisms

Front 16

Hairy leukoplakia

Back 16

Fuzzy white tongue in some AIDS patients

Front 17

Which anemia does lead toxicity lead to?

Back 17

Microcytic Hypochromic

Resembles iron deficiency anemia

Front 18

Which enzymes does lead interfere with in the synthesis of heme?

Back 18

Ferrochelatase

Front 19

RBC appearance in hereditary spherocytosis

Back 19

Small spheres
Lack biconcave shape

Front 20

Basophilic stippling

Back 20

Precipitated ribosomes and mitochondria

Impaired maturation in the bone marrow

Roudn, dark-blue granules in RBCs

Front 21

Acanthocytes

Back 21

Star-like RBCs
Irregular spaced projections
Abetalipoproteinemia
Some liver diseases

Front 22

Auer rods

Back 22

Elongated, bluish-red rods
Fused lysosomal granules
Found in the cytoplasm of cells in the myelocytic and monoblastic lines
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Front 23

Hairy cells

Back 23

Hairy cell leukemia
White cells with fine, irregular pseudopods, and immature nuclear features

Front 24

Sulfasalazine clinical use

Back 24

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 25

Tolbutamide

Back 25

Sulfonylurea
Oral hypoglycemic agent

Front 26

Most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss in adults

Back 26

Acoustic neuroma (schwanoma)

Front 27

Cholesteatomas

Back 27

Epidermoid inclusion cysts
Middle ear and petrous apex
Intermittent drainage
Conductive hearing loss

Front 28

Air conduction vs bone conduction
Normal

Back 28

Normal:
Air conduction is greater than bone conduction

Front 29

Sensorineural hearing loss:
Air conduction vs bone conduction

Back 29

Air conduction is greater than bone conduction, both will be qualitatively decreased

Front 30

Weber test

Back 30

In unilateral sensorineural hearing loss the sound is softer on the affected side and is loder (localized) to the unaffected ear

Front 31

Antibiotic block protein synthesis at 30S riborsomal subunit

Back 31

Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

Front 32

Antibiotics that block protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit

Back 32

Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Lincomycin
Linezolid
Erythromycin/Macrolides
Streptogramins (Quinupristin, dalfopristin)

Front 33

Antibiotic block DNA topoisomerases

Back 33

Quinolones

Front 34

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Back 34

30S inhibitors
Aminoglycosides: (streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin)[bactericidal]

Tetracyclines [bacteriostatic]

50S inhibitors
Chloramphenicol [bacteriostatic]
Erythromycin [bacteriostatic]
Lincomycin [bacteriostatic]
cLindamycin [bacteriostatic]

buy AT 30, CELL at 50

Front 35

V/Q ---> 0 = ?

Back 35

Airway obstruction (shunt)

Front 36

V/Q ---> infinity = ?

Back 36

Blood flow obstruction (physiologic dead space)

Front 37

V/Q mismatch

Back 37

Ideally, ventilation is matched to perfusion (V/Q = 1) in order for adequet gas exchange

Front 38

V/Q at the apex of the lungs

Back 38

V/Q = 3 (wasted ventilation)

Front 39

V/Q at the base of the lungs

Back 39

V/Q = 0.6 (wasted perfusion)

Front 40

V/Q
Apex vs Base of the lungs

Back 40

Both are greater at the base of the lungs

Front 41

Spherocytosis treatment

Back 41

Splenectomy

Front 42

Class IA antiarrhythmic agents

Back 42

Quinidine
Amiodarone
Procainamide
Disopyramid

Front 43

Class IA antiarrhythmic effect

Back 43

Increase AP duration
Increase effective refractory period (ERP)
Increase QT interval

Affect both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

Front 44

Class IB antiarrhythmic agents

Back 44

Lidocaine
Mexiletine
Tocainide

Front 45

Class IB antiarrhythmic agents effect

Back 45

Decrease AP duration
Affect ischemic or depolarized Purkinje and ventricular tissue

Front 46

Class IB antiarrhythmic agents use

Back 46

Acute ventricular arrhythmias (especially post-MI) and in digitalis-induced arrhythmias

Front 47

Class IA antiarrhythmic agents toxicity

Back 47

Quinidine:
Cinchonism (headache, tinnitus)
Thrombocytopenia, Torsades de pointes (due to increased QT interval)

Procainamide:
Reversible SLE-like syndrome

Front 48

Class IC antiarrhythmic agents

Back 48

Flecainide
Encainide
Propafenone

Front 49

Class IC antiarrhythmic effect

Back 49

No effect on AP duration
V-tachs that progress to VF and in intractible SVT

Front 50

Class IC antiarrhythmic agents use

Back 50

Last resort in refractory tachyarrhythmias

Front 51

Class IC antiarrhythmic agents toxicity

Back 51

Proarrhythmic (especially post-MI [contraindicated])