June 11

Front 1

bilateral anorchia

Back 1

vanishing testes syndrome - normal external genetalia but no mullerian structures (resorption of testes before birth)

Front 2

methimazole and PTU SE

Back 2

agranulocytosis, halt meds and start rHg-CSF

Front 3

salt secreted

Back 3

95% of that ingested

Front 4

internal capsule

Back 4

receives blood from lenticulostriate arteries, prone to rupture in HTN

Front 5

int capsule anterior limb

Back 5

fronto pontine fibers

Front 6

int capsule genu

Back 6

corticobulbar fibers

Front 7

int capsule post limb

Back 7

corticospinal fibers to contralateral arm and leg

Front 8

nitroprusside cyanide test

Back 8

cystinuria --> renal staghorn radioopaque stones, alkanize urine

Front 9

familial iminoglycinuria

Back 9

inpared renal tubular resorptino of proline, hydroxyproline, glycine

Front 10

hypophosphatemic rickets

Back 10

decreased PT reabsorption of phosphate and bony abnormalities

Front 11

chediak higashi Dx

Back 11

large inclusions in all nucleated blood cells

Front 12

alpha granules

Back 12

growth factors, PF4, thrombospondin and fibronectin, deficiency --> grey platelet syndrome

Front 13

dense granules

Back 13

ADP and ATP, Ca, histamine, serotonin, epinephrine

Front 14

CGD tests

Back 14

nitroblud tetrazolium negative or DHR flow cytomoetry

Front 15

myeloperoxidase deficiency

Back 15

normal enzyme test, generally clinically silent, may get candida in diabetics

Front 16

liver findings:

Front 17

alcohol

Back 17

fatty change, mallory bodies (eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions)

Front 18

a1 antitrypsin def

Back 18

PAS positive cytoplasmic granules

Front 19

Hep A

Back 19

think daycare and kids

Front 20

wilsons

Back 20

copper in liver and keyser fleisher rings

Front 21

aminoglycoside mechanism of action

Back 21

misreading at translation initiation

Front 22

chloramphenicol

Back 22

inhibits ribosomal peptidyl transferase

Front 23

piroxicam

Back 23

think RA treatment with low risk of GI probs and 50 hr half-life

Front 24

allantois

Back 24

endodermal diverticulum of the yolk sac, becomes part of urogenital sinus

Front 25

mesonephros

Back 25

embryonic kidney

Front 26

urogenital ridge

Back 26

intermediate mesoderm give rise to the embryonic and adult kidneys and gonads

Front 27

most common site for volvus in elderly

Back 27

sigmoid colon (poorly supported)

Front 28

wood tick transmits

Back 28

rickettsia rickettsiae and francisell tularenis

Front 29

ALS

Back 29

lower motor neurons in anterior horn, UMN in motor area of cerebral cortex

Front 30

cerebellar damage in

Back 30

spinocerebellar degenerative diseases like friedrichs ataxia and olivopontocerebellar atrophy (both have ataxia as prominent sx)

Front 31

globus pallidus lost in

Back 31

striatonigral degeneration (resembles parkinsons)

Front 32

selective IgA deficiency

Back 32

most common hereditary immunodeficiency, failure of heavy chain switching

Front 33

hyper IgM

Back 33

CD40 ligand mutation

Front 34

foramen ovale

Back 34

mandibular nerver may be injured by fracture

Front 35

superior orbital fissure

Back 35

abducens, ophtalmic division of trigeminal

Front 36

foramen rotundum

Back 36

maxillary division of the mandibular nerve

Front 37

internal auditory meatus

Back 37

chordae tympani

Front 38

friedrich's ataxia

Back 38

degeneration of DRG and oters presents with ataxia, dysarthria, loss of highly discriminatory sensory modalities

Front 39

pontine nuclei

Back 39

afferents from cerebral cortex to pons, pons to cerebellar cortex via the middle cerebellar peduncles

Front 40

telomerase

Back 40

RNA dependent DNA polymerase (acts like a reverse transcriptase) and is thus inhibited by lamivudine and stavudine

Front 41

alprostadil

Back 41

PGE1 analog to maintain a patent ductus arteriosus

Front 42

miglitol

Back 42

alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Front 43

repaglinide

Back 43

non-sulfonylurea moiety of glyburide

Front 44

DMD spontaneous arising

Back 44

recombinatino event in the dystrophin gene that gave rise to a frameshift mutation leading to an untraslatable mRNA

Front 45

ATP from one glucose in anaerobic oxidation

Back 45

2

Front 46

ursodiol

Back 46

dissolves cholesterol gallstones in some patients

Front 47

octreotide

Back 47

somatostatin analogue used to treat diarrhea in endocirne disorders and variceal bleeding and acromegaly

Front 48

tizanidine

Back 48

spasmolytic used for diseases such as cerbral palsy, MS, stroke

Front 49

first pharyngeal cleft

Back 49

external ear canal

Front 50

palatoglossal/pharyngeal folds

Back 50

glossal in front

Front 51

caffeine medical use

Back 51

for infants for treatment of apnea of prematurity and adjuvant for analgesic formulations

Front 52

biceps tendon origin

Back 52

supraglenoid tubercle above the glenoid fossa of the scapula and passes into the bicipital groove between the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus

Front 53

papillary necrosis etiology

Back 53

DM, analgesic abuse, UT obstruction, sickle cell disease

Front 54

thromboemboli to the kidney

Back 54

result in wedge shaped infarcts and pale coagulative necrosis of the cortex

Front 55

toxin producing e coli

Back 55

enterohemorrhagic (shiga-like toxin causing bloody diarrhea and HUS), enterotoxigenic (activated intestinal adenylate or guanylate cyclase leading to cAMP overproduction and diarrhea)

Front 56

valacyclovir

Back 56

used to treat HSV but not in immunocompromised becaues it can be associated with TTP-HUS which seem to occur in this population and can be fatal

Front 57

bacteria associated with human bites

Back 57

elkenella corrodens

Front 58

IVDU with osteomyelitis

Back 58

pseudomonas and candida

Front 59

sickle cell osteomyelitis

Back 59

salmonella

Front 60

niridazole

Back 60

treatment of dracunculus medinensis which causes skin ulceration and inflammation

Front 61

mediator of complement and shock in gram negative bacteremia

Back 61

C3a

Front 62

TNF-alpha

Back 62

released by macrophages, in response to endotoxin, causes fever an dhemorrhagic tissue necrosis

Front 63

hageman factor in shock

Back 63

endotoxin can directly activate it leading to coag cascade and DIC

Front 64

nitric oxide in shock

Back 64

released by macrophages activated by endotoxin causes hypotension

Front 65

IL-1 in shock

Back 65

realeased by macrophages causes fever

Front 66

rubella congenital infection

Back 66

PDA, pulmonary stenosis, cataracts, microcephaly, deafness

Front 67

hepatitis G

Back 67

transmissible flavivirus, not been shown to cause liver disease

Front 68

HBcAg

Back 68

Positive during the window period

Front 69

AIDS

Back 69

CD4 cell count < 200/mm3 and one or more defining opportunistic infections

Front 70

amebas with ingested RBCs

Back 70

entamoeba histolytics

Front 71

opportunistic infections and cell counts

Back 71

<400: Herpes simplex and zoster oral thrush; <200 cryptococcal meningitis; <100 toxoplasmosis; <50 MAI

Front 72

MAI

Back 72

chronic wasting, prophylaxis is with azithromycin