Juliet's Language Disorders In Children

Front 1

List prenatal factors that can cause language disorders in children?

Back 1

1. Maternal drug abuse, e.g. alcohol and nicotine
2. Maternal infections (rubella and HIV)

Front 2

List some characteristics of children with language disorders.

Back 2

1. Over-extension or under-extension of words
2. Word finding and word retrieval problems
3. Less complex syllable structure
4. Articulation and phonological problems

Front 3

Define intellectual disability.

Back 3

Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

Front 4

List diagnostic criteria for autism.

Back 4

1. Impaired social interactions
2. Disturbed communication
3. Stereotypic patterns of behaviors, interests and activities

Front 5

What is the difference between a focal injury and a diffuse injury?

Back 5

A focal injury is restricted to one area, while a diffuse injury involves multiple areas.

Front 6

List common causes of traumatic brain injury in children.

Back 6

1. Vehicular accidents
2. Sports accidents
3. Falls
4.Physical abuse and assaults
5. Gun shot wounds

Front 7

List three categories of cerebral palsy.

Back 7

1. Ataxic CP: disturbed balance, awkward gait, uncontrolled movements
2. Athetoid CP: slow writhing and involuntary movements
3. Spastic CP: increased tone and rigidity, abrupt jerky, slow movements.

Front 8

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Back 8

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a pattern of mental, physical and behavioral defects that develop in infants born to some women who drink heavily

Front 9

List some behavioral characteristic of Attention -Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Back 9

1. Frequent fidgeting with hands or feet
2. High distractibility by extraneous stimuli
3. Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks and activities

Front 10

State some advantages of using alternative assessment approaches in assessing children with language disorders.

Back 10

Alternative assessment approaches tend to sample more naturalistic communication skills and expand the scope of assessment to include a variety of more reliable and valid information than standardized tests

Front 11

List 2 examples of alternative assessments.

Back 11

1. Dynamic assessments
2. Portfolio assessments

Front 12

What is Type-Token Ratio and how is it calculated

Back 12

Time-Token Ratio represents the variety of different words the child uses expressively, thus assessing the child's semantic and lexical skills.
TTR is measured by dividing the number of different words in a sample by the number of words in the sample

Front 13

List 5 conditions that place children at risk for developing language disorders.

Back 13

1. Chronic middle ear infections
2. Family history of predisposing genetic or medical conditions
3. Caregiver or parental substance abuse
4. Serious pretnatal and natal conditions
5. Unstable and dangerous living conditions

Front 14

List general assessment guidelines for toddlers and infants

Back 14

1. Begin assessment as early as possible
2. Make assessments family centered
3. Conduct interviews and gather an extensive case history
4. Take into consideration the cultural practices in family communication patterns, child rearing and caregiver interactions

Front 15

What areas of speech and language are assessed in infants and toddlers?

Back 15

1. Caregiver interaction
2. Hearing status
3. Comprehension and production of language (depending on the age)
4. Play activities

Front 16

When are discrete trial treatment procedure used best?

Back 16

Discrete Trial Procedures are best used in the initial stage of treatment when skills have to be shaped or established.

Front 17

What is Milieu Teaching?

Back 17

Milieu Teaching refers to a group of techniques that teaches functional communication skills trough the use of typical, everyday verbal interactions that arise naturally.

Front 18

What are narratives?

Back 18

Narratives are speakers' description of events and experiences

Front 19

List three techniques that constitute milieu teaching.

Back 19

1. Incidental teaching: in which the adult waits for the child to initiate a verbal response
2. Mand model: teaches language through use of typical adult-child interactions in play oriented settings
3. Time delay: adults waits for the child to initiate verbal responses in relation to stimuli that is separated by predetermined waiting period

Front 20

What is the clinician's main task in obtaining a language sample from a child?

Back 20

To stimulate the child to speak freely and naturally as possible