Judaism Vocab

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ashkenazim

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jews who lived in our came from central europe

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bar (bat) mitzah

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son (daughter) of the cammandment; the cominf of age ceremony that marks the time when a young person is considered a leal adult w/in the jewish comunity

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biblical judaism

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judaism before the destruction of the 2nd temple

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canaan

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an ancient name for the land of israel

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conservative judaism

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a branch of judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new Judasm

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convenant

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a contract; the contract between the hebrews and their god, yahweh

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diaspora

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the dispersion of jews beyond israel, particularly to persia, egypt and the mediterranean region

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essenes

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a reclusive semimonastic jewish grop that flourished from 150 br to 68 bc

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hanukkah

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an early winter festival recalling the redediation of the 2nd temple, celebrated w/te lighting of candles for 8 days

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kabbalah

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received, handed down, the whole body of jewish mystical literature

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ketuvim

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writings; the 3rd section of the hebrew scripturesconsisting priarily of poetry, proverbs and literary works

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kosher

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ritually corect; refers particularly to food preparation and food consumption

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menorah

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a candelabrum usually containing seven and occasionally nine-branches used for religious celebrations

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messiah

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a savior figure to be sent by god, awaited by the jews

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midrash

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search; rabbinical commentary on the scriptures and oral law

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nevi'im

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prophets; the second section of the hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books

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orthodox judaism

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the most traditional branch of judaism

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passover

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(pesach); a joyfull spring festival that recalls the hebrews' exodus from egypt and freedom from oppression

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pharisees;

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a faction uring the 2nd temple period that emphasized the observation of biblical rules

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prophet

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a person inspired by god to speak for him

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purim

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a joyous festival i early spring that recalls the jew's being saved from destruction as told in the book of esther

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rabbi

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a religious teacher; jewish minister

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rabbinical judaism

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judaism that developed after the destruction of the 2nd temple

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reconstructionism

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a modern liberal branch of judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of judaism

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reform

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a movement beginning in the 19 centry that questioned and modernized judaism; a liberal branch of judaism

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rosh hashanah

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beginning of the year; the celebration of the jewish new year, occurring in the 7th lunar month

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sabbath

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rest the 7th day of the week (saturday)

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sadducees

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a priestly faction, influential during the 2nd temple peiod

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seder

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order; a special ritual meal at passover, recalling the hebrews' exodus from egypt

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sephardim

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jews of spain, morocco and the mediterranean region

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sukkot

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booths; a festival in the late autum that recalls the jews' period of wantering in the desert after their exodus from egypt

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talit

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a prayer shawl won by denout males

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talmud

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an encyclopedic commentary on the hebrew scriptures

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tanakh

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the complete hebrew scriptures, made up of the torah, phrophets (nevi'im) and writings (ketuvim)

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tefillin

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phylacteries two small boxes containing biblical passages that are worn by orthodox males on heir head and left arm at morning prayer during the week

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theophany

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a reverlation or appearance of god

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torah

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teaching; instruction; the first 5 bks of the hebrw scriptures; also the additional instruction of God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from moses

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western wall

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the foundation stones of the western wall of the last emple of jerusalem, today a place of prayer

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yarmulke

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the skullcap worn by devout males

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yom kippur

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day of atonement the most sacred day of the hewish year

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zealots

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an anti-roman nationalistic jewish faction, active during the roman period of control over israel

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zionism

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the movements that has encouraged the creation and support of the nationof israel

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When did Saul, David, Solomon live?

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Saul, David, Solomon

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When was the death of Solomon?

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(10th c. BCE)

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When were the Israelites destroyed?

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Assyrians in 722 BCE

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Who destroyed the 1st temple?

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Nebuchadnezzar II (Babylonia)

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when was the 1st temple destroyed the 1st temple?

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When? 586 BCE

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when was the Babylonian Exile

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(586 BCE)

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when were the allowed Jews to return to Babalonya?

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in 6th c. BCE)

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destruction of the 2nd temple?

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2nd Temple (70 CE)

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when was the most complete Talmud?

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ca. 600 Ce

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when was the BESHT?

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(18th c.) known as

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Haskalah movement time?

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Enlightenment – 18th c. CE

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when was reform Judaism

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arose in Germany, in the 19th c