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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1000 BCE
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David unites Israelite tribes and becomes king at Jerusalem
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950 BCE
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Solomon builds First Temple at Jerusalem
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922 BCE
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Israelites divide into two kingdoms: Judah (south) and Israel (north)
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732 BCE
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First Assyrian Deportation of Israel (northern kingdom -- Galilee and Gilead areas)
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721 BCE
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Second Assyrian Deportation of Israel (reduced northern kingdom -- Samaria)
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701 BCE*
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Assyrian Deportation of Judah (southern kingdom) -- Jerusalem spared!
*the pivotal (but not final) date in history of the kingdom of Judah and ancient Israel (it is after this date that we can speak of "Jews" as the recognized remnant of Israel) |
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586 BCE
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Babylonians destroy Jerusalem and First Temple -- Jews captive to Babylon. End of First Temple Period
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537 BCE
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Persian Empire (Cyrus) allows Jews to return to Judah (Judea)
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520 BCE
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Second Temple (Zerubbabel) built on the site of the earlier temple
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430 BCE
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End of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) record -- Malachi
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332 BCE
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Alexander the Great conquers Near East -- Hellenistic (Greek) influence
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164 BCE
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Jewish independence from Syrian-Greek rule -- "Hanuka" (temple re-dedication)
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63 BCE
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Romans conquer the Land of Israel (eventually install King Herod the Great)
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20 BCE
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Second Temple dismantled and newly rebuilt -- Temple Herod.
End of Second temple / beginning of New Testament & Talmud period. |
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10 BCE
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Ministry of Hillel and Shammai (the two leading Pharisee schools of thought)
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4 BCE
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Death of King Herod the Great (birth of Jesus)
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30 CE
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Ministry of Gamliel I (also of Jesus and Simon Peter)
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70 CE
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End of First Jewish Revolt -- Destruction of Jerusalem and Herod's Temple
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135 CE
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End of Second Jewish Revolt (Bar Kokhba) -- Jews banned from Judea
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200 CE
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Yehudah HaNasi -- Mishnah collected and written (Sepphoris, Galilee)
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500 CE
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Talmud assembled -- Gemara collected and written in Tiberias and Babylon
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Essene
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branched off of Sadducees, strict about the sabbath, wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls
*expected Messiah |
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Pharisees
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Ancestors of Jews today
*expected Messiah |
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Sadducees
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responsible for Jesus' death
*did not expect Messiah |
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Jewish expectation of the Messiah (from scripture) (4 points)
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Lineage of King David
Independence for Israel Usher in the era of Redemption Reign as King of Israel |
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Jewish non-expectations of the Messiah (2)
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Messiah mortal, not Deity
Messiah not Atoning One |
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What were the two major schools of Pharisee thought?
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Hillel & Shammai
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What were the three things said with the passing down of the Torah?
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Be cautious in judgment
Raise up many disciples Make a fence around the Torah |
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What does it mean to "make a fence around the Torah?"
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Increase the boundaries of the commandment; ensure that the basic content of the commandment does not become violated.
Suggests living the more encompassing "spirit of the law" in addition to the narrower "letter of the law." |
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Shabbat
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The Jewish Sabbath, from Friday at sundown until Saturday at sundown.
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Kiddush
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Ceremonial family blessing and meal Friday night to welcome the Sabbath
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Challah (or Hallah)
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The special braided bread baked specially for the Sabbath meal
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Havdalah
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A family ceremony on Saturday night marking the end of Sabbath
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Kashrut
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The term which describes the Jewish "kosher" dietary laws
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Kosher
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the term describing food as "fit" or "proper"
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Treif (or Trayf)
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The word means "torn" and describes un-kosher food.
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Pareve (or Parve)
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This word describes foods which are considered "neutral"
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Brit Mila (or Bris)
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Covenant biblical circumcision
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Bar Mitzvah
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A ceremony where 13 year old Jewish boys become "sons of the commandment"
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Bat Mitzvah
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A similar ceremony (in Reform Judaism) for girls who have turned 12 years old
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Halakah
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The term means "walk" or "way" -- describes the body of Jewish law and practice
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Shema
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The most sacred prayer in Judaism -- repetition in Hebrew of Deut. 6:4-9
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Talit (or Talis)
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The Jewish "prayer shawl" with colored bands and fringes
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Talit Katan (or "Small Talis")
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A linen undershirt with fringes worn by some Orthodox men
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Tzitzit
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The biblical Hebrew term for "fringe" -- the fringes on the Talit prayer shawl
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Tefilin (a.k.a. Phylacteries)
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Small leather prayer boxes bound to the head and arm during prayer
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Mezuza
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The word means "doorpost" -- a small container with a scripture passage inside
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Kippa (or Yarmulke)
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Jewish "skull cap" worn by males for prayer and sacred occasions
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Shofar
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Hebrew term for the ram's horn blown on Rosh Ha-Shannah and holy occasions
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Menorah
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Hebrew term for "lamp" with multiple arms (like the 7 armed temple menorah)
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Rosh Ha-Shannah
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The Jewish New Year, beginning day of the month of Fall holidays
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Yom Kippur
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The biblical Day of Atonement, a solemn day of fasting in Judaism
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High Holy Days
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Rosh Ha-Shannah, followed by Yom Kippur, ten days later
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Sukkot (or Sukkos)
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The weeklong Feast of Tabernacles (or Booths) each Fall
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Shemini Atzeret
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The "eighth" additional holiday right after the seven days of Sukkot
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Simhat Torah
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The "joyful day of Torah" at the end of the Sukkot week each fall
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Pessah / Pessach / Pessakh
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The biblical Spring festival of Passover (Unleavened Bread)
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Seder
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The ritual feast (meal) of Passover -- the term Seder means "order"
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Shavuot / Shavuos
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The biblical Feast of Weeks, early Summer festival 50 days after Pessah
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Tisha Be-Av
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The "Ninth of Av" -- summer day of mourning destruction of the temple
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Hanukah / Chanukah
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The term means "dedication" -- refers to the Winter "Feast of Dedication"
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Hanukiah
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This is the specific term for the nine-armed Hanukah menorah
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Dreidel
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A small, four-sided top which children play with at Hanukah
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Purim (Lots)
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the early Spring celebration involving the reading of the story of Esther
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Kabalah
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The term for mystical (even magical) Jewish traditions of the middle ages
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Synagogue
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The Jewish Meeting house or house of worship (house of assembly)
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What are the 4 periods of Jewish Teacher-Scholars?
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Pre-Tannaitic
Tannaitic Amoraic Geonic |
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Pre-Tannaitic Period
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(200 BCE to 20 CE) -- Mishnaic tradition formulated
Hillel & Shammai |
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Tannaitic Period
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(20 to 200 CE)
Gamliel I Yehuda HaNasi -- Mishnah compiled (Sephorris, Galilee) |
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Amoraic Period
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(220 to 500 CE) Gemara formed and compiled
TB Babylonian Talmud TJ Jerusalem Talmud (Tiberius, Galilee) |
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Geonic Period
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(500 to 1800 CE)
Rashi - France. edited version of the Talmud that has come down to modern times. Commentaries on the Bible and the Talmud Rambam - Egypt. a.k.a. Maimonides. Religious scholar and Physician. Commentary on the Mishnah, Mishnah Torah, Guide to the perplexed Ramban - Spain. a.k.a Nachmanides. Talmud scholar of great importance Rabbi Joseph Caro -- Spain. Shulhan Aruch -- code book of Jewish Law Israel ben Eliezer - Baal Shem Tov -- the "Besht" -- Hassidic practice. Irrationalist or Kabala |
