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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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When was the First Temple constructed? |
Around 950 BCE |
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When was the First Temple destroyed? |
586 BCE |
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When was the Second Temple finished? |
515 BCE |
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When was The Second Temple period? |
515 BCE - 70 CE
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How did Rabbinic Judaism save Judaism? |
By replacing the Temple with the Torah |
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What was the name of the anti-rabbinic group from Baghdad? |
The Karaites |
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What was the main complaint of the Karaites? |
Oral Torah was not from God/Moses They argued for a strict "Scripturalism" |
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Who were the Mizrahim? |
Babylonian exiles who didn't return to Judea |
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Who were the Ashkenazim? |
Those Jews who lived in Central and Eastern Europe |
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Who were the Sephardim? |
Those who lived in Spain and Portugal (and other Islamic cultures) |
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From which branch did Hasidism emerge? |
Ashkenazim |
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What does the word Kabbalah mean? |
"tradition" |
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From where and when did Kabbalah emerge? |
11th and 12th century N. Spain and S. France |
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What does Zohar mean? |
"The Book of Splendor" |
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What is the most important book of Kabbalah? |
The Zohar |
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What is En Sof? |
God's infinite, ineffable Divine Nothingness Ground of everything |
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What is Sefirot?
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Knowable parts of God 10 emanations of the Divine Consciousness |
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Can humans alter the structure of the Sefirot (knowable parts of God)? |
Yes |
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In Kabbalic understanding, what is the fulfillment of the Messianic promise? |
Tikkun olam |
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What is Mitnagdic Judaism? |
Mainstream rabbinic tradition that eschews rebbes, thinking of them as charlatans |
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What is a Rebbe? |
Holy man of Hasidic communities ("Tzaddik") |
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What is the Yiddishkayt? |
Hasidic Male dress |
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What is the term for the long beard and curls hanging from temples? |
Payis |
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What is the term for the male garment with tassels? |
Tzitzit |
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When was the Law of Return announced? |
1950 |
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How important is Time to Judaism? |
Very important. Consecrated. The calendar year is separated into meaningful units |
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What is Yom Kippur? |
Day of Atonement
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How many commandments are there in rabbinic Judaism? |
613 |
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What body of literature encapsulates the exegesis of the Torah and Talmud? |
Mishnah |
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The Zohar is said to unlock the meaning of ___________ |
The Torah |
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What is havdalah? |
Restoration of ordinary time God is praised for the Holy among the mundane |
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When did Orthodox Judaism emerge? |
Mid-1800s |
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Why did Orthodox Judaism emerge? |
Reaction to Reform |
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Who was Samson Raphael Hirsch? |
19th-century founder of Orthodox Judaism
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Which branch considers itself the "Middle Way"? |
Conservative |
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Where and when did Reform Judaism emerge? |
1800s Germany |
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Name some components to the emergence of Reform Judaism |
Historical critical approach to Torah Focus on ethics Modernizing Jewish faith in Germany |
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What is another name for Ultra-Orthodox Judaism? |
Hasidism |
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What is another form of Judaism not included in the three branches besides Hasidism? |
Secular Judaism (or Zionism) |
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What is the Hebrew word for daily prayer? |
Daven |
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What are the three prayer times? |
Morning, afternoon, and evening |
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What is Amidah? |
Standing prayer |
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How many components of Amidah are there? |
19 |
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What is hevruta? |
A sacred study partnership |
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What is Mitzvot? |
"commandments" |
Plural for mitzvah |
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When was the establishment of the State of Israel? |
1948 |
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What is the only biblical aspect of male dress? |
Tzitzit (Garment with tassels) |
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Who was Moses Mendelssohn? |
German Jewish philosopher that founded Haskalah
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In the 18th century, which leader argued that Jews should integrate without assimilation? |
Moses Mendelssohn |
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Who argued that German Jews should be Jews at home and Germans on the street? |
Moses Mendelssohn |
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Which century was a dark time for Eastern European (Ashkenazi) Jews? |
18th century |
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What was the context making for a fertile ground for Hasidism? |
Baal Shem Tov ("the Besht") taught that everyone—no matter how poor and downtrodden—could commune with God. The Hasidic emphasis on community and equality also helped |
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What happens during Sukkot? |
Jews eat and sleep in the open air in a temporary structure ("booth" or tabernacle) |
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What happens during Shavuot? |
Reading the Decalogue and the Book of Ruth Staying up all night reading (for some) |
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What is Peach? |
Passover |
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When is the Haggadah read? |
During the Seder meal |
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What is the Haggadah?
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The liturgy for the Passover meal, including the story of the Exodus |
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What is the Documentary Hypothesis? |
The Five Books of Moses consist of material from four different authors (JEDP) that can be identified through their differences in style, vocabulary, and theology |
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Who proposed the Documentary Hypothesis? |
Julius Wellhausen |
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When was the Documentary Hypothesis proposed? |
1883 |
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Who wrote down and codified the Oral Torah in its present form (as the Mishnah)? |
Judah haNasi "Judah the Prince" |
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What is the term for gathering together? |
"synagogue" |
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Who was Rabbi Hillel? |
a popular teacher active between 30 BCE and 10 CE |
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What is the Gemarah? |
The commentaries of the Torah and of the Mishnah that were passed down orally until they were codified as the Palestinian Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud |
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What composes the Gemarah? |
Aggadah (narrative material) and Halakhah (legal material) |
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Who were the Gaonim? |
the Jewish leaders of the academies in the Muslim world |
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Who were the main opposition to the Gaonim? |
The Karaites or "Scripturalists" |
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When did Maimonides live? |
1135-1204 |
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Where did Maimonides establish himself? |
Egypt |
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Who argued that learning ought not to undermine faith? |
Maimonides |
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Who used Greek philosophy (specifically Aristotle) to understand Judaism better? |
Maimonides |
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Who was the prolific writer who produced the Mishneh Torah? |
Maimonides |
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What is the Mishnah Torah? |
the famous 14-volume code of Jewish law by Maimonides |
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What was the most important work of Maimonides? |
The Guide of the Perplexed |
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Who argued against literally interpreting biblical language that attributes human qualities to God? |
Maimonides |
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Was Kabbalah influenced by Sufism? |
yes |
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The author of the Zohar was influenced by whose writing? |
Maimonides |
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What is the best-known component of Lurianic mysticism? |
tikkun olam |
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What is the meaning of tzimtzum |
"Contraction" Since the Ein Sof was everywhere, he had to contract himself in order to make room for the world. |
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Who was the charismatic founder of Hasidism? |
Israel ben Eliezer |
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Where did Hasidism emerge? |
SE Poland |
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Who does Israel ben Eliezer become? |
Baal Shem Tov ("the Besht") |
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Did the Besht emphasize deep religious feeling or scholarship? |
Feeling Heart over head |
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Are Hasidic leaders scholars or charismatic men? |
Charismatic men |
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The charismatic leaders of Hasidism whose authority is based on what are believed to be their supernatural powers are called... |
Tzaddikim |
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What is the meaning of Tzaddikim? |
"righteous men" |
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What is the term for the Jewish enlightenment advocating for a restructuring of Jewish education, devoting less time to the Talmud and more to modern subjects? |
Haskalah |
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Who was the Father of Reform Judaism? |
Israel Jacobson |
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Who was the spiritual leader of the Reform movement? |
Abraham Geiger |
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Who was the one who spearheaded the Orthodox movement as a reaction to the Reform movement? |
Samson Raphael Hirsch |
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Who are the Haredim? |
They live and work in segregated communities, and every part of their lives is governed by Halakhah. |
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The Hasidim are a subgroup of the ________ |
Haredim |
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"Haredim" |
"trembling ones" |
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Founder of Conserviative Judaism? |
Zacharias Frankel |
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What was Conservative Judaism called at the beginning? |
Positive-Historical Judaism |
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