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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prophecy
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“to speak for”; a person will speak for god
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Revelation
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divine…3 assumptions: 1) there is a god; 2) certain people (prophets) thru whom god speaks; 3) a message
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YHWH (Yahweh)
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a tetragrammatron, originally Hebrew without vowels; “I am who I am”; transcends human comprehension
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Meaning in God
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it is a fact that we did not call ourselves into existence but rather that we find ourselves in it; the infinite regress, what is the ultimate reason for our existence?
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Ethical Monotheism
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when we think of god, god expects certain things from human beings…4 instances
• 1 – God is not an abstract entity made by philosophers (thing or principle) • 2 – God is not chaotic / unpredictable • 3 – God is not amoral or capricious • 4 – God is not hostile or indifferent to human weakness (ie IS merciful and attentive to weakness) |
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Meaning in Creation
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meaning in the daily world…the world is good, go into it as if serving god as you do (opposite to Hinduism, etc); ie material aspects of existence also important
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Meaning in Human Existence
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the message is specific to what humans should do while here in existence…as representatives of god on Earth…although there are human limitations, weaknesses, and frailty…but something unique about humans when compared to other creatures…that despite the limitations, somehow they are more than the other creations
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Human being / Image of God
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Humans are not gods but are god-like…they have self-consciousness, freewill, ability to reason, being morally responsible for one’s actions
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Moral Freedom
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humans are responsible for their actions; they are free to choose how to act with respect to other people…but must accept consequences of their actions
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Sin
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to miss the mark…to not perform one’s responsibility
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Meaning in History
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meaning in the record of human actions; distinction between way things are an ought to be
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Meaning in Morality
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human beings are social, being together; basic rules by which we interact…set of rules to govern the social interactions
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Ten Commandments
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essence of Jewish understanding of morality; 2 orderings: 1) how humans ought to relate to god, 2) how humans ought to relate to other human beings
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613 Commandments
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these include the Ten; when Rabbis went to read the Torah (first 5 books of the 37 of the Hebrew Bible), which are traditionally thought to be authored by Moses, outline 613 commandments for daily life
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Meaning in Justice
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must be very careful with judgment…to not just judge based on 1 trait
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Moses
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the original prophet; law giver, talks with God for 40 days
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Prophetic Guilds
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Several hundred years after Moses, people who believe they were possessed by the spirit of god…they were expressive in ecstatic ways…which were uncommon
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Pre-Writing Prophets
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These arose out of the Prophetic Guilds…a “school” that observe behaviour of kings
• -eg Samuel said kings were bad news…Nathan looked at story of King David, bathing woman, procreate, has husband killed, etc… |
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Writing Prophets
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in the latter quarter of the Hebrew bible…prophetic, wisdom and lengthy poems; look at nation as a whole and critique and say it’s all wrong (e.g book of Isaiah)
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Meaning in Suffering
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what it means to be oppressed and marginalized at the hands of others, as in the large portion of Jewish history
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Assyrian Conquest
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short period of independent Jewish kingdom (~250yrs) of David & Solomon…split (into North & South - -latter sticks with house of David); North conquered by Assyrians who exiled / dispersed the 10 tribes of Northern kingdom…all of which lost to time; Southern later conquered by Babylonians
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Babylonian Exile
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Southern tribes (century and a half after Assyrian conquest)…Babylon conquered Assyria…and Jerusalem…and exiled Jews into Babylon…during exile of ~70yrs, even though the first temple was destroyed, Jews maintain faith for day of restoration into Judea
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Persian Restoration
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Babylon conquered by Persia which was of a tolerant/liberal idea of religion (idea was they wanted all “gods” on their side)…allowed to return to Judea and build the second temple
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Meaning in Messianism
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The first temple was built by Solomon, the temple of Judea…it was then destroyed…when they came back they built the second temple…however this temple was not as impressive (the experience of exile after the destruction of the first was jarring)…started to question if god was really still in the temple and whether he will return to fulfill the perfection
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First Temple
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built by King Solomon
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Second Temple
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not as grand as first; even as being built, question about whether god will return to temple…less tied down to one location…idea was maybe this wasn’t the final occurrence…maybe something is yet to come for the full restoration of the temple; ie god into the temple and of the Jewish people
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Messiah
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idea of Messiah came out of previous term; is the perfect / true king who leads justly in worship to god…all things Jews hoped in prior kings to perfection
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Messianic restoration
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not everyone returned to Judea (from Babylon) with the Persian restoration; diasporas remained…that had idea that when Messiah reestablished Judea, the diasporas will return home
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End of Days (Apocalypse)
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when the Messiah returns…supernatural remaking of everything…”wiping the slate clean” of disease, war, famine, and all other corruption of the world…the hope
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Abraham
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original patriarch; 1st man called by god and promised by god to have descendents, and the promised land
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Isaac
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son of Abraham; 2nd patriarch; son called to be sacrificed by Abraham (in Islam, Ishmael)
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Jacob
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son of Isaac; wrestling with god…all night…at end, blessed with the name (ie name change) the nation will have: Israel…has 12 sons
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Twelve Tribes
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12 sons, tribes of Israel
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David
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poet, king…responsible for many songs in the book of psalms, he is the 2nd king of Israel but the 1st king of Israel that was righteous…whose heart was after god
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Solomon
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David’s son; the philosopher king: 3 books: 1) proverbs, 2)ecclesiastes (meaning of life), 3) song of Soloman / songs (erotic)
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Chosen People
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back to calling of Abraham; Genesis 12: 1-3…Jews chosen to bless the rest of humanity…thru them
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Promised Land
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Abraham doesn’t know where to go…but that he has to trust god to lead them
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Exodus
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name of the 2nd book after the Hebrew Bible (ie in the New Testament), after Genesis which ends with Jacob and people settling in Egypt…Exodus about how people leave Egypt for the promised land; main character Moses
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Sabbath
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one day of rest (out of 7), begins Friday night and ends Saturday night, reflects on creation of Earth and reflected in 10 Commandments
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Synagogue
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rabbis taught here whereas ritualistic practice is at the temple, lead by priests
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Rabbi
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teachers in the synagogue; order of teachers / rabbis developed with the synagogue and much more scholastically oriented…this all developed after destruction of the first temple
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