Jon's Study Guide

Front 1

The classification of plants is called__________.

Back 1

taxonomy

Front 2

workbook chapter 3
List the levels of plant classification. The first letter of each terms is given.
K

Back 2

kingdom

Front 3

workbook chapter 3
List the levels of plant classification. The first letter of each terms is given.
P

Back 3

phylum

Front 4

workbook chapter 3
List the levels of plant classification. The first letter of each terms is given.
C

Back 4

cuticle

Front 5

workbook chapter 3
List the levels of plant classification. The first letter of each term is given
O

Back 5

order

Front 6

workbook chapter 3
List the levels of plant classification. The first letter of each term is given
F

Back 6

family

Front 7

workbook chapter 3
List the levels of plant classification. The first letter of each term is given
G

Back 7

genus

Front 8

workbook chapter 3
List the levels of plant classification. The first letter of each term is given
S_______ ________

Back 8

specific epithet

Front 9

workbook chapter 3
________are vascular plants whose seeds are covered {by an ovary}.________are vascular plants with "naked seed."

Back 9

angiosperms, gymnosperms

Front 10

workbook chapter 3
The term "dicotyledon {dicot}" refers to plants that have two seed leaves at germination. Grasses and palm trees belong to another group called _________and have only one seed leaf.

Back 10

monocotyledons {monocots}

Front 11

workbook chapter 3
The naming of plants is called_____________

Back 11

nomenclature

Front 12

workbook chapter 3
Name five plant characteristics used to identify trees:

Back 12

any five: form or growth habit, bark texture, leaves, flowers, fruit, seed, buds, leaf scars, scent

Front 13

Name a tree with palmately compound leaves: __. Name a tree with pinnately compound leaves: _______.

Back 13

palmately compound leaves: examples include buckeye, horsechestnut. pinnately compound leaves: examples include ash, walnut, Kentucky coffeetree, ailanthus, honeylocust

Front 14

A compound leaf with multiple leaflets will have ______bud{s}.

Back 14

one

Front 15

Give an example of a tree that has more than one common name:

Back 15

carpinus caroliniana is one example

Front 16

In the scientific name Acer saccharum, Acer identifies the _____, and sacharum identifies the _________ ______.

Back 16

genus, specific epithet

Front 17

Species are often subdivided into _________or ___________that have distinct differences from the general species.

Back 17

varieties, cultivars

Front 18

A _______is a cultivated variety.

Back 18

cultivar

Front 19

sample test chapter 2
Douglas-fir {Pseudotsuga menziesii} differs from balsam fir {Abies balsamea} in that

Back 19

they are not in the same genus

Front 20

sample test chapter 2
When two leaves/and or buds are located at the same node on a twig, the arrangement is called

Back 20

opposite

Front 21

sample test chapter 2
Select the scientific name that is written correctly:
Quercus Rubra, Quercus rubra,
quercus Rubra, quercus rubra

Back 21

Quercus rubra

Front 22

sample test chapter 2
Which genus of trees usually does not have an opposite leaf arrangement? Acer {maples}, Fraxinus {ashes}, Quercus {oaks}, Cornus {dogwoods}

Back 22

Quercus {oaks}

Front 23

sample test chapter 2
Which conifers have needles in bundles? hemlocks, firs, pines, spruces

Back 23

pines

Front 24

The majority of the fine, absorbing roots of a tree are in the _______and ________horizons.

Back 24

O, A

Front 25

Driving vehicles across wet soil will _________the soil and destroy soil _____ ______.

Back 25

compact, pore space

Front 26

If lime is added to a soil to change the pH, but there is no significant change, which soil property if preventing pH change? ______________ _____________.

Back 26

buffering capacity

Front 27

True/False-- Negatively charged clay particles hold cations near their surface.

Back 27

true

Front 28

In 1 foot of clay soil with 4 inches of water in the soil, approximately how many inches of water would be available to the tree? ___________

Back 28

one

Front 29

_______ _______modifies the effects of soil texture as the soil particles form clumps or aggregates.

Back 29

soil structure

Front 30

Tru/Fals-- SOil can hold water so tightly that the ability of tree roots to absorb the water is restricted.

Back 30

true

Front 31

Soil texture refers to the relative coarseness or fineness of a soil. Rank the following from the most fine texture {1} to the most coarse {3}.

Back 31

2 silt 1 clay 3 sand

Front 32

On the pH scale, less than 7 is ___, 7 is _____, and more than 7 is _______.

Back 32

acidic, neutral, alkaline

Front 33

True/False Soil structure can be more important than soil texture in determining oxygen and water availability.

Back 33

true

Front 34

ON the pH scale, less than 7 is___________, 7 is_____, and more than 7 is ________.

Back 34

acidic, neutral, alkaline

Front 35

True/False-- Soil structure can be more important than soil texture in determining oxygen and water availability.

Back 35

true

Front 36

A pH of 5 is _____times more acidic than a pH of 7.

Back 36

100

Front 37

The process in which dissolved minerals wash down thruough the soil profile and are lost is called__________.

Back 37

leaching

Front 38

Many essential elements are dissolved in soil water in the form of positively charged particles called ___________.

Back 38

cations

Front 39

If the soil is too ______, ion and manganese may be in a chemical form that is unavailable to trees.

Back 39

alkaline

Front 40

The buffering capacity is the resistance of a soil to change in pH. Clay soils and soils high in organic matter usually have a _____buffering capacity.

Back 40

high

Front 41

The _________is the zone of intense biological activity near the actively elongating roots.

Back 41

rhizophere

Front 42

True/False All of the water in the upper 12 inches of soil is available to the tree roots.

Back 42

false

Front 43

Water that drains from the macropores is called __________water. Following drainage, the soil is said to be at _______ ________.

Back 43

gravitational, field capacity

Front 44

True/False--Most soil organisms cause disease or decay in tree roots

Back 44

false

Front 45

True/False Many tree roots exist in a symbiotic relationship with fungi that assist the tree in water and mineral absorption.

Back 45

true

Front 46

sample test chapter 3
The primary factor in controlling the depth spread and distribution of tree roots in the soil is/ are the a. available oxygen and water b. genetics of the plant c. pH of the soil d. available phosphorous and potassium

Back 46

a. available oxygen and water

Front 47

sample test chapter 3
the most fibrous and absorptive portion of a tree's root system is found: a. in the upper 6 inches of soil b. deeper than 12 inches in the soil to protect against drought and temperature extremes c.
immediately surrounding the trunk d. connected to the taproot

Back 47

a. in the upper 6 inches of soil

Front 48

sample test chapter 3
If a planting hole in a clay soil site is backfilled with sandy soil: a. drainage will be improved, helping the tree to establish b. nutrients will be more available to the newly established roots withint he planting hole c. water will drain very slowly out of the planting hole d. the improved texture of the backfill will reduce the chances of girdling roots forming later

Back 48

c. water will drain very slowly out of the planting hole

Front 49

sample test chapter 3
When soil is compacted: a. micropores combine to form macropores b. soil aggregates are broken up, giving the soil a finer texture c. a high water content will reduce the damaging effects d. total pore space and the percentage of macropores are reduced

Back 49

d. total pore space and the percentage of macropores are reduced

Front 50

sample test chapter 3
A characteristic of sandy soils in and regions is: a. they tend to become alkaline, and salts build up due to the lack of heavy rainfall b. they tend to become acidic because basic ions leach out c. they are fine in texture due to the high sand content d. they have a high water-holding capacity because rainfall is scarce

Back 50

a. they tend to become alkaline, and salts build up due to the lack of heavy rainfall

Front 51

sample test chapter 4
When irrigating trees: a. infrequent, deep soakings are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings b. the most beneficial and efficient time to water is mid-afternoon at peak sunlight c. the foliage should be kept wet at night to reduce transpiration d. keeping the soil moist at the root flare reduces girdling root formation

Back 51

a. infreqent, deep soakings are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings

Front 52

sample test chapter 4
Sandy soils: a. have a greater water-holding capacity than clay soils c. do not ever reach field capacity b/c drainage is good. d. all of the above

Back 52

b. have a higher infiltration rate than clay soils

Front 53

sample test chapter 4
A soil is at field capacity when a. it is completely saturated b. the permanent wilting point has been reached c. gravitational water has drained away d. there is no water available to the roots

Back 53

c. gravitational water has drained away

Front 54

sample test chapter 4
WIth sprinkler irrigation a. less frequent waterings of longer duration will reduce the likelihood of salt buildup of salt buildup b. water hitting the soil surface can lead to crusting c. application rates that exceed absorption can lead to runoff d. all of the above

Back 54

d. all of the above

Front 55

sample test chapter 4
In sites where poor drainage can be a problem, which of the following will not help ensure plant survival? a. careful plant selection adn planting shallow b. improvement of surface drainage by changin the grade or trenching c. the installation of drain tiles d. placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole and backfilling with a sandy soil

Back 55

d. placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole and backfilling with a sandy soil

Front 56

sample test chapter 4
When irrigating trees: a. infrequent, deep soakings are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings b. the most beneficial and efficient time to water is mid-afternoon at peak sunlight c. the foliage should be kept wet at night to reduce transpiration d. keeping the soil moist at the root flare reduces girdling root formation

Back 56

a. infreqent, deep soakings are preferable to frequent, shallow waterings

Front 57

sample test chapter 4
Sandy soils: a. have a greater water-holding capacity than clay soils c. do not ever reach field capacity b/c drainage is good. d. all of the above

Back 57

b. have a higher infiltration rate than clay soils

Front 58

sample test chapter 4
A soil is at field capacity when a. it is completely saturated b. the permanent wilting point has been reached c. gravitational water has drained away d. there is no water available to the roots

Back 58

c. gravitational water has drained away

Front 59

sample test chapter 4
WIth sprinkler irrigation a. less frequent waterings of longer duration will reduce the likelihood of salt buildup of salt buildup b. water hitting the soil surface can lead to crusting c. application rates that exceed absorption can lead to runoff d. all of the above

Back 59

d. all of the above

Front 60

sample test chapter 4
In sites where poor drainage can be a problem, which of the following will not help ensure plant survival? a. careful plant selection adn planting shallow b. improvement of surface drainage by changin the grade or trenching c. the installation of drain tiles d. placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole and backfilling with a sandy soil

Back 60

d. placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole and backfilling with a sandy soil

Front 61

sample test chapter 5
An 80 pound bag of 10-6-4 fertilizer contains how many pounds of actual nitrogen? a. 6 b. 8 c. 10 d. 4

Back 61

b. 8

Front 62

sample test chapter 5
A complete fertilizer contains
a. all 17 essential elements
b. nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
c. organic and inorganic nitrogen
d. equal amounts of N, P, & K

Back 62

b. nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

Front 63

sample test chapter 5
A tree may not respond immediately to fertilizer application if
a. a slow-release fertilizer was applied b. there is inadequate soil moisture c. the tree is suffering from collar rot d. all of the above

Back 63

d. all of the above

Front 64

sample test chapter 5
A soil test may not identify a nutrient deficiency problem ina plant because a. the tests are not reliable b. the nutrient content can change after collecting c. the soil may contain adqequate nutrients but something may be inhibiting uptake d. no one knows which levels of nutrients in soils are adequate

Back 64

c. the soil may contain adequate nutrients but something may be inhibiting uptake

Front 65

sample test chapter 5
Sulfur-coated urea or ureaformaldehyde is sometimes included in nitrogen fertilizers b/c a. slow-release forms of nitrogen are sometimes desired b. the soil pH must be adjusted to optimize nutrient uptake c. the soil's subffering capacity may inhibit nitrogen absorption d. urea is a good natural source of phosphorus

Back 65

a. slow-release forms of nitrogen are sometimes desired

Front 66

sample test chapter 6
The climate factor that determines hardiness zones is
a. north-south location
b. temperature, rainfall, and winds
c. east-west location
d. low temperature extremes

Back 66

d. low temperature extremes

Front 67

sample test chapter 6
Trees to be planted under utility lines should be
a. tolerant of heavy top pruning
b. low-growing to remain below the lines
c. vase-shaped or overarching to clear conductors
d. all of the above

Back 67

b. low-growing to remain below the lines

Front 68

sample test chapter 6
Some trees acclimate to shade conditions by
a. developing larger leaves
b. developing thinner leaves
c. variegated foliage losing variegation, or colored foliage tending to be greener
d. any or all of the above

Back 68

d. any or all of the above

Front 69

sample test chapter 6
Fastigiate trees have a growth form that is
a. upright
b. weeping
c. overarching
d. vase-shaped

Back 69

a. upright

Front 70

sample test chapter 6
Which of the following is a true statement?
a. lowland tree species will always grow well in wet soils
b. forest understory plants tend to make good street trees b/c they don't grow tall
c. some tree species are adapted to hot, dry,m or bright light conditions with small, thick foliage and sunken stomata
d. most evergreen conifers are very shade tolerant and tend to scorch in full sunlight

Back 70

c. some tree species are adapted to hot, dry, or bright light conditions with small, thick foliage and sunken stomata

Front 71

sample test chapter 7
Staking or guying when planting a tree
a. is done only for bare-root trees
b. is not necesssary fo rtrees greater than 6 inches in diameter
c. is not always required or necessary
d. promotes a larger and stronger root system and better trunk taper

Back 71

c. is not always required or necessary

Front 72

sample test chapter 7
When plantng in a compacted, clay soil
a. the backfill should be modified 50 percent with peat
b. the tree should be planted slightly shallow {with the top of teh ball a few inches above ground level}
c. the hole should be dug 6 to 8 inches deeper than the ball and soft fill added
d. the tree should be planted deeper to discourage surface root growth

Back 72

b. the tree should be planted slightly shallow {with the top of the ball a few inches above ground level}

Front 73

sample test chapter 7
Placing gravel in the bottom of the planting hole in a clay soil site
a. will improve drainage
b. will prevent the formation of girdling roots
c. will restrict soil space and create a perched water table
d. will improve aeration and water infiltration

Back 73

c. will restrict soil space and create a perched water table

Front 74

sample test chapter 7
When planting a container-grown tree
a. separate and tease apart the roots to reduce girdling root formation
b. place soft fill in the bottom of the planting hole to encourage taproot growth
c. backfill the hole with a soilless growth medium to encourage root growth
d. none of the above

Back 74

a. separate and tease apart the roots to reduce girdling root formation

Front 75

sample test chapter 7
The most important reason to prune a tree when transplatning is
a. to compensate for root loss
b. to invigorate the tree
c. to reduce growth at the tips
d. to remove structurally weak or damaged branches

Back 75

d. to remove structurally weak or damaged branches

Front 76

sample test chapter 8
When pruning young trees, it is important to train for a dominant leader and well-spaced scaffold branches so that
a. future pruning can be minimized
b. the tree will be structurally strong
c. codominant branching can be avoided
d. all of the above

Back 76

d. all of the above

Front 77

sample test chapter 8
To prune trees that flower on the previous year's growth and to maximize flowering, you should
a. prune any time during the dormant season
b. prune shortly after flowering
c. prune in late summer after seed formation
d. prune in the fall, just after leaf drop

Back 77

b. prune shortly after flowering

Front 78

sample test chapter 8
When pruning a branch from a tree, the final cut should be
a. flush with the parent stem
b. at a 45 degree angle to the parent stem
c. parallel to the branch bark ridge
d. just outside the branch collar

Back 78

b. prune shortly after flowering

Front 79

When it comes to pruning, as a rule, mature trees are
a. more toleratnt of extremes than young trees
b. capable of tolerating heading
c. not tolerant of servere pruning
d. unlikely to produce watersprouts

Back 79

c. not tolerant of sever pruning

Front 80

sample test chapter 8
IF the height of a tree must be reduced
a. branches should be removed at their point of origin or to a lateral large enough to assume apical dominance
b. all cuts should be made at internodes to avoid cutting through buds
c. the tree should be root pruned to compensate for foliatge loss
d. all of the above

Back 80

a. branches should be removed at their point of origin or to a lateral large enough to assume apical dominance

Front 81

sample test chapter 9
Which of the following must be true in order for a lightning protection system to be effective?
a. the tree cannot have grown around the conductors
b. the conductor must not be forked
c. the conductor must be properly grounded
d. all of the above

Back 81

c. the conductor must be propertly grounded

Front 82

sample test chapter 9
The purpose of a lightning protection system is to
a. reduce the voltage of the strike
b. prevent the tree from being struck
c. conduct the electrical charge into the soil away from the tree
d. all of the above

Back 82

c. conduct the electrical charge into the soil away form the tree

Front 83

sample test chapter 9
If two bracing rods are installed to support a tree crotch, they should be placed
a. no more than 4 inches apart
b. in vertical alignment, one above the other
c. staggered, and no closer together than the diameter of the trunk
d. never use more thna one brace rod per crotch

Back 83

c. staggered, and no closer together than the diameter of the trunk

Front 84

If a lag hook is installed into decayed wood
a. the decay will likely spread along the lag
b. the holding power will be reduced
c. t he decay may be detected when drilling
d. all of the above

Back 84

d. all of the above

Front 85

sample test chapter 9
When cabling a multi-stemmed tree, extra support can be added to the system by
a. cabling the limbs together in triangular combinations
b. using double cables on each lag
c. installing the cables low in the tree with turnbuckles that can be tightened from the ground
d. all of the above

Back 85

a. cabling the limbs together in triangular combinations

Front 86

sample test chapter 10
A condition characterized by a cluster of dwarfed shoots on affected twigs is called
a. withch's broom
b. anthracnose
c. chlorosis
d. verticillium wilt

Back 86

a. witch's broom

Front 87

sample test chapter 10
Twig dieback from periodical cicadas is primarily a result of
a. ovipositing or egg laying
b. adults feeding on the foliage
c. larvae feeding on the roots
d. feeding-induced galls on the twigs and foliage

Back 87

a. ovipositing or egg laying

Front 88

sample test chapter 10
Plant damage assoicated with a sap-feeding insect pest might appear as
a. leaves that have been skeletonized
b. distorted leaves or shoots
c. leaf mines or blothces
d. webs or tents in the tree

Back 88

b. distorted leaves or shoots

Front 89

sample test chapter 10
Scale damage to plants is the result of
a. fungal spore growth depleting xylem reserves
b. phloemfeeding insects causing a loss of vigor
c. vascular damage from fungal invastion
d. a physiological disorder due neither to insects nor to disease

Back 89

b. phloem feeding insects causing a loss of vigor

Front 90

sample test chapter 10
Damage caused by nonliving factors tend to be
a. uniform with definite borders
b. uniform but generally not affecting the new growth
c. random and concentreated on the new growth
d. random with irregular borders

Back 90

a. uniform with definite borders

Front 91

sample test chapter 11
Plant health care is a comprehensive program to manage
a. insects and diseases of plants
b. tree health without the use of pesticides
c. the appearance, structure, and vitality of plants
d. pests, pathogens, and abiotic disorders of trees

Back 91

c. the appearance, structure, and vitality of plants

Front 92

sample test chapter 11
The mortality spiral describes the
a. process of infection and spread of disease in a tree
b. cumulative effects of stress causing decline of a plant
c. process in which pesticides eradicate both pests and beneficial insects
d. allocation of resourc es between growth, storage, and defense

Back 92

b. cumulative effects of stresscausing decline of a plant

Front 93

sample test chapter 11
The process of gathering information, assessing the severity and implications of the problem, determining client expectations, and d3eciding upon a course of action is called
a. the appropriate response process
b. integrated Pest Management c. the cultural control mechanism d. Plant Health Care

Back 93

a. the appropriate response process

Front 94

sample test chapter 11
A systemic insecticide is one that
a. kills all living organisms
b. kills insects on direct contact
c. is translocated throughout the plant
d. has no harmful effect on the environment

Back 94

d. has no harmful effect on the environment

Front 95

sample test chapter 11
Releasing predators or parasites of an insect pest is an example of a
a. cultural control
b. mechanical control
c. biological control
d. chemical control

Back 95

a. cultural control

Front 96

sample test chapter 11
Plant health care is a comprehensive program to manage
a. insects and diseases of plants
b. tree health without the use of pesticides
c. the appearance, structure, and vitality of plants
d. pests, pathogens, and abiotic disorders of trees

Back 96

c. the appearance, structure, and vitality of plants

Front 97

sample test chapter 11
The mortality spiral describes the
a. process of infection and spread of disease in a tree
b. cumulative effects of stress causing decline of a plant
c. process in which pesticides eradicate both pests and beneficial insects
d. allocation of resourc es between growth, storage, and defense

Back 97

b. cumulative effects of stresscausing decline of a plant

Front 98

sample test chapter 11
The process of gathering information, assessing the severity and implications of the problem, determining client expectations, and d3eciding upon a course of action is called
a. the appropriate response process
b. integrated Pest Management c. the cultural control mechanism d. Plant Health Care

Back 98

a. the appropriate response process

Front 99

sample test chapter 11
A systemic insecticide is one that
a. kills all living organisms
b. kills insects on direct contact
c. is translocated throughout the plant
d. has no harmful effect on the environment

Back 99

d. has no harmful effect on the environment

Front 100

sample test chapter 11
Releasing predators or parasites of an insect pest is an example of a
a. cultural control
b. mechanical control
c. biological control
d. chemical control

Back 100

a. cultural control

Front 101

sample test chapter 12
A necessary component in the existence of a tree hazard is
a. a tree with a potential for failure
b. an environment that may contribute to failure
c. a person or object that may be injured or damaged
d. all of the above

Back 101

d. all of the above

Front 102

sample test chapter 12
Codominant branches can pose a potential risk because they
a. are excurrent by nature
b. have a weak union
c. develop reverse branch taper
d. form natural lion tails

Back 102

b. have a weak union

Front 103

sample test chapter 12
Following construction, forest trees on the edge of remaining stands are prone to failure due to
a. losing the protection of the trees that used to surround them
b. less trunk stability and poor taper
c. increased exposure to the weather elements
d. all of the above

Back 103

d. all of the above

Front 104

sample test chapter 12
Treees that lean b/c of ground failure or root injury
a. have a high potential to fail and should be removed
b. are less of a rsik than those that lean due to phototropism
c. are not a threat unless located at the edge of a wooded area
d. are a risk only if they begin to grow in compensation for the lean

Back 104

a. have a high potential to fail and should be removed

Front 105

sample test chapter `12
Arborists, as trained professionals in tree care
a. are required to have formal training in hazard assessment
b. must be qualified to perform a root crown inspection
c. will be held to a higher standard of duty than general citizens
d. all of the above

Back 105

c. will be held to a higher standard of duty than general citizens

Front 106

sample test chapter 13
When soils are compacted by construction equipment, trees usually decline b/c
a. oxygen availability is reduced
b. the ability of the roots to absorb water and minerals decreases
c. root growth and expansion may be diminished
d. all of the above

Back 106

d. all of the above

Front 107

sample test chapter 13
Arborists shouldb e involved early in the construciton planning process b/c
a. tree preservation measures should be in the specifications
b. once construction has begun, it may be too late to save the trees
c. there is often little arborists can do to treat construction damage
d. all of the above

Back 107

d. all of the above

Front 108

A measure that can be taken to minimize compaction on a construction site is
a. water the site thoroughly before before equipment is brougt in
b. permanently raise the soil grade to protect tree roots
c. spread a temporary, thick layer of mulch over the site
d. root prune the trees in advance

Back 108

c. spread a temporary, thick layer of mulch over the site

Front 109

sample test chapter 13
If a significant portion of a tree's root system has been removed during building construction, a step that will help preserve the tree is
a. pruning one-third of the crown to compensate for root loss
b. a surface application of 10 pounds of soluble nitrogen per 1000 square feet
c. construciton of a tree well
d. none of the above

Back 109

d. none of the above

Front 110

Digging trenches in a wheel-spoke pattern and backfilling with organic matter or a more poruous soil is called
a. radial aeration
b. tunnel aeration
c. soil fracturing
d. vertical radiation

Back 110

a. radial aeration

Front 111

sample test chapter 14
According to ANSI Z133.1 standards, the term shall denotes
a. an advisory recommendation
b. a mandatory requirement
c. a safety suggestion by NAA
d. none of the above

Back 111

b. a mandatory requirement

Front 112

sample test chapter 14
Which of hte following should be consdiered energized with a potentially fatal voltage/
a. overhead electric lines
b. underground electric lines
c. telephone and cable TV wires
d. all of the above

Back 112

d. all of the above

Front 113

sample test 14
HEad protection is required for tree workers
a. whenever performing tree care operations
b. when specified by the

Back 113

a. whenever performing tree care operations

Front 114

sample test chapter 14
The situation that can cause chain saw kickback is
a. failure to maintain adequate chain tension
b. a worn sprocket or guide bar
c. the upper quadrant of the guide bar contacts an object
d. uneven sharpening of the chain saw teeth

Back 114

c. the upper quadrant of hte guide bar contacts an object

Front 115

sample test chapter 14
Which of the following should be treated first
a. severe bleeding
b. suspended breathing
c. poisoning
d. heat stroke

Back 115

b. suspended breathing

Front 116

sample test chapter 12
A necessary component in the existence of a tree hazard is
a. a tree with a potential for failure
b. an environment that may contribute to failure
c. a person or object that may be injured or damaged
d. all of the above

Back 116

d. all of the above

Front 117

sample test chapter 12
Codominant branches can pose a potential risk because they
a. are excurrent by nature
b. have a weak union
c. develop reverse branch taper
d. form natural lion tails

Back 117

b. have a weak union

Front 118

sample test chapter 12
Following construction, forest trees on the edge of remaining stands are prone to failure due to
a. losing the protection of the trees that used to surround them
b. less trunk stability and poor taper
c. increased exposure to the weather elements
d. all of the above

Back 118

d. all of the above

Front 119

sample test chapter 12
Treees that lean b/c of ground failure or root injury
a. have a high potential to fail and should be removed
b. are less of a rsik than those that lean due to phototropism
c. are not a threat unless located at the edge of a wooded area
d. are a risk only if they begin to grow in compensation for the lean

Back 119

a. have a high potential to fail and should be removed

Front 120

sample test chapter `12
Arborists, as trained professionals in tree care
a. are required to have formal training in hazard assessment
b. must be qualified to perform a root crown inspection
c. will be held to a higher standard of duty than general citizens
d. all of the above

Back 120

c. will be held to a higher standard of duty than general citizens

Front 121

sample test chapter 13
When soils are compacted by construction equipment, trees usually decline b/c
a. oxygen availability is reduced
b. the ability of the roots to absorb water and minerals decreases
c. root growth and expansion may be diminished
d. all of the above

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d. all of the above

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sample test chapter 13
Arborists shouldb e involved early in the construciton planning process b/c
a. tree preservation measures should be in the specifications
b. once construction has begun, it may be too late to save the trees
c. there is often little arborists can do to treat construction damage
d. all of the above

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d. all of the above

Front 123

A measure that can be taken to minimize compaction on a construction site is
a. water the site thoroughly before before equipment is brougt in
b. permanently raise the soil grade to protect tree roots
c. spread a temporary, thick layer of mulch over the site
d. root prune the trees in advance

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c. spread a temporary, thick layer of mulch over the site

Front 124

sample test chapter 13
If a significant portion of a tree's root system has been removed during building construction, a step that will help preserve the tree is
a. pruning one-third of the crown to compensate for root loss
b. a surface application of 10 pounds of soluble nitrogen per 1000 square feet
c. construciton of a tree well
d. none of the above

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d. none of the above

Front 125

Digging trenches in a wheel-spoke pattern and backfilling with organic matter or a more poruous soil is called
a. radial aeration
b. tunnel aeration
c. soil fracturing
d. vertical radiation

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a. radial aeration

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sample test chapter 14
According to ANSI Z133.1 standards, the term shall denotes
a. an advisory recommendation
b. a mandatory requirement
c. a safety suggestion by NAA
d. none of the above

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b. a mandatory requirement

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sample test chapter 14
Which of hte following should be consdiered energized with a potentially fatal voltage/
a. overhead electric lines
b. underground electric lines
c. telephone and cable TV wires
d. all of the above

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d. all of the above

Front 128

sample test 14
HEad protection is required for tree workers
a. whenever performing tree care operations
b. when specified by the

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a. whenever performing tree care operations

Front 129

sample test chapter 14
The situation that can cause chain saw kickback is
a. failure to maintain adequate chain tension
b. a worn sprocket or guide bar
c. the upper quadrant of the guide bar contacts an object
d. uneven sharpening of the chain saw teeth

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c. the upper quadrant of hte guide bar contacts an object

Front 130

sample test chapter 14
Which of the following should be treated first
a. severe bleeding
b. suspended breathing
c. poisoning
d. heat stroke

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b. suspended breathing

Front 131

sample test chapter 15
"Body thrust" refers to
a. the safest method of lifting heavy objects
b. the stage of insect development whne the skin is shed to allow for growth
c. a method of ascending a tree
d. a physiological problem leading to stress cracks

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c. a method of ascending a tree

Front 132

A Prusik loop is used
a. to tie in with the secured footlock method
b. to attach limbs to a speedline
c. as a false crotch to lower limbs
d. to cable small, multi-stemmed trees

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a. to tie in with the secured footlock method

Front 133

A false crotch is
a. the junction of two codominant stems
b. a crotch that contains includ3ed bark, making it a potential hazard
c. a block or other device that is hung in a tree to create a rigging point for ropes
d. a point of weak branch attachment created by sucker development near heading cuts

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c. a block or other device that is hung in a tree to create a rigging point for ropes

Front 134

sample test chapter 15
Most arborist climbing and rigging lines are made ofj
a. nyolon
b. polyester
c. polypropylene
d. spectra

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b. polyester

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sample test chapter 15
The classic 3 point cut used to remove limbs is also called the
a. drop cut
b. jump cut
c. hinge cut
d. topping cut

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a. drop cut