Joints Of The Lower Limb

Front 1

1. What does the transverse acetabular ligament bridge?

Back 1

a. Acetabular notch

Front 2

2. What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

Back 2

a. Deepen the acetabulum

Front 3

3. How are the acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament related?

Back 3

a. The transverse acetabular ligament is the inferior continuation of the acetabular labrum

Front 4

4. What are the attachments of the iliofemoral ligament?

Back 4

a. Acetabular rim and AIIS
b. Intertrochanteric line and lesser trochanter

Front 5

5. What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

Back 5

a. Prevent hyperextension of the hip joint

Front 6

6. What are the attachments of the pubofemoral ligament?

Back 6

a. Pubic bone medially
b. Lateral to iliofemoral ligament

Front 7

7. What are the attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament?

Back 7

a. Ischial part of acetabular rim
b. Neck of femur by greater trochanter
c. WEAKEST OF THREE LIGAMENTS

Front 8

8. What is the function of the orbicular fibers?

Back 8

a. Encircle the fibrous joint capsule
b. Constrict the joint capsule around the neck of the femur

Front 9

9. Where is the fibrous capsule of the acetabulofemoral joint weakest?

Back 9

a. Posterior
b. Inferior

Front 10

10. What is the function of the ligament of the head of the femur?

Back 10

a. Convey an artery to the epiphysis of the developing femoral head

Front 11

11. What is the main blood supply of the hip joint?

Back 11

a. Retinacular branches of the medial circumflex femoral artery
b. LCFA minor role

Front 12

12. What is the presentation of a fracture of the femoral neck?

Back 12

a. Limb will appear shortened and externally rotated
b. Can lead to AVN

Front 13

13. What is the presentation of a dislocated hip joint?

Back 13

a. Shortened and internally rotated limb

Front 14

14. What are the characteristics of the medial condyle of the femur?

Back 14

a. Larger and deeper

Front 15

15. What are the attachments of the ACL?

Back 15

a. Anterior intercondylar area
b. Medial side of lateral femoral condyle
c. Passes posteriorly, laterally, and superiorly

Front 16

16. What is the function of the ACL?

Back 16

a. Resists posterior displacement of femur on tibia during flexion
b. Functions to resist hyperextension

Front 17

17. What are the attachments of the PCL?

Back 17

a. Posterior intercondylar area
b. Lateral side of medial femoral condyle
c. Extends anteriorly, medially, and superiorly

Front 18

18. What is the function of the PCL?

Back 18

a. Resist anterior displacement of the femur during extension
b. Resist hyperflexion

Front 19

19. What is the function of the transverse ligament of the knee?

Back 19

a. Join anterior rends of the menisci

Front 20

20. What are the characteristics of the medial meniscus?

Back 20

a. Larger and more C-shaped
b. Attaches to MCL

Front 21

21. Where does the tendon of the popliteus pass?

Back 21

a. Between lateral meniscus and LCL

Front 22

22. What are the attachments of the meniscofemoral ligament?

Back 22

a. Posterior margin of the lateral meniscus
b. Medial condyle of femur
c. Courses on both side of PCL

Front 23

23. What are the attachments of the MCL?

Back 23

a. Medial femoral epicondyle
b. Superomedial surface of tibia
c. Medial margin of medial meniscus

Front 24

24. What are the attachments of the LCL?

Back 24

a. Lateral epicondyle of femur
b. Head of fibula

Front 25

25. What is the oblique popliteal ligament? What is its function?

Back 25

a. Reflection from semimembranosus tendon
b. Reinforce the joint capsule

Front 26

26. What is the arcuate popliteal ligament?

Back 26

a. Overlying thickening of the capsule where the popliteus penetrates the capsule

Front 27

27. What lies between the synovial membrane and the patellar ligament?

Back 27

a. Infrapatellar fat pad

Front 28

28. What is the function of the articularis genu?

Back 28

a. Attach to the superior tip of the bursa, pulling it away form the joint space when the knee is extended

Front 29

29. What is the most important stabilizer of the knee joint?

Back 29

a. Quadriceps femoris→ vastus medialis and vastus lateralis

Front 30

30. What forms the medial retinaculum and lateral patellar retinacula?

Back 30

a. Vastus lateralis and medialis extending over the anterior surface of the knee joint

Front 31

31. What is the primary vascular supply of the knee joint?

Back 31

a. Descending genicular artery
b. Superior lateral genicular artery
c. Inferior lateral genicular artery
d. Superior medial genicular artery
e. Inferior medial genicular artery

Front 32

32. What forms the perimeniscal vascular ring?

Back 32

a. Genicular arteries

Front 33

33. What is the infrapatellar vascular plexus?

Back 33

a. Prominent anterior portion of perimeniscal vascular ring

Front 34

34. What does the middle genicular artery supply?

Back 34

a. Ligaments and synovial membrane around the intercondylar eminence

Front 35

35. What nerves innervate the knee joint?

Back 35

a. Femoral
b. Tibial
c. Common fibular
d. Obturator

Front 36

36. What is the unhappy triad?

Back 36

a. ACL
b. MCL
c. Medial meniscus

Front 37

37. What reinforces the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Back 37

a. Anterior tibiofibular ligament
b. Posterior tibiofibular ligament
c. Lateral collateral ligament

Front 38

38. What are the ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint?

Back 38

a. Interosseus ligament
b. Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
c. Posteiror inferio tibiofibular ligament
d. Transverse tibiofibular ligament

Front 39

39. What ligament is damaged in a high ankle sprain?

Back 39

a. Anterior tibiofibular ligament

Front 40

40. In what type of flexion is the ankle joint most stable?

Back 40

a. Dorsiflexion

Front 41

41. What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint?

Back 41

a. Anterior talofibular
b. Posterior talofibular
c. Calcaneofibular

Front 42

42. What is the vascular and nerve supply of the ankle joint?

Back 42

a. Malleolar branches of anterior tibial and peroneal arteries
b. Deep peroneal nerve

Front 43

43. What is the most commonly-injured ligament in ankle sprains?

Back 43

a. Anterior talofibular ligament
b. Additional force= calcaneofibular ligament

Front 44

44. What is the subtalar joint?

Back 44

a. Talocalcaneal joint

Front 45

45. What are the attachments of the lateral talocalcaneal ligament?

Back 45

a. Lateral surface of talus anterior to fibula
b. Distal attachment to calcaneus

Front 46

46. What are the attachments of the medial talocalcaneal ligament?

Back 46

a. Medial tubercle of talus
b. Posterior surface of sustentaculum tali

Front 47

47. What attaches proximal to the retrocalcaneal bursa and insertion of the plantaris?

Back 47

a. Calcanear attachment of the posterior talocalcaneal ligament

Front 48

48. Where is a common site of inflammation of the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament?

Back 48

a. Tarsal sinus→ tarsal sinusitis

Front 49

1. What are the contents of the tarsal sinus?

Back 49

a. Venous plexus
b. Small artery

Front 50

50. What are the two joints of the transverse tarsal joint?

Back 50

a. Calcaneocuboid
b. Talocalcaneonavicular

Front 51

51. What does the short plantar ligament cover?

Back 51

a. Inferior surface of calcaneocuboid joint

Front 52

52. Where is the long plantar ligament located?

Back 52

a. Immediately superficial to the short plantar ligament

Front 53

53. What ligaments contribute to the medial longitudinal arch?

Back 53

a. Spring ligament

Front 54

54. What ligaments contribute to the lateral longitudinal arch?

Back 54

a. Short and long plantar ligaments