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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Non-inflammatory joint diseases
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DJD
neoplasia |
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Inflammatory joint diseases
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infectious
immunologic, non-reosive immunologic, erosive immunologic proliferative |
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causes of non-erosive immune-mediated arthritis
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idiopathic, secondary inflammation, neoplasia, SLE, polyarthritis
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causes of erosive immune-mediated arthritis
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rheumatoid arthritis and greyhourd polyarthritis
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indications for joint tap
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joint effusion, pain, lameness/abnormal gait, weakness, unexplained fever (without obvious cause - think polyarthritis), multisystemic immune disease (lupus - multiorgan involvement), spinal neck pain
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potential complications of synovial fluid collection
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hemorrhage - mild is ok, but makes interpretation difficult
infection pain - use general anesthesia for all cats and sedation +/- analgesia for dogs |
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normal cell counts for synovial fluid
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200-3000 WBC/uL
1-2 WBC per HPF |
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Joints you can tap
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carpus
tarsus stifle elbow and shoulder, but they're not done often |
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how would you perform a carpal tap?
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- Use a 3 mL syringe and a 25ga, 1/2 in needle.
- Sterile prep and collection - Can tap any of the three joints, but radiocarpal joint is the easiest (most proximal and biggest) - Move vein aside, and tap in moderate flexion with a 90 degree angle to skin |
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how would you perform a tarsal tap?
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- Use a 3 mL syringe and a 25ga, 1/2 in needle.
- Sterile prep and collection - Moderate flexion - Lateral aspect right below tibial tarsal bone |
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how would you perform a stifle tap?
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- Use a 6 mL syringe and a 25ga, 1 1/2 in needle.
- Sterile prep and collection - halfway down patellar ligament - offset at the midline at 45 degree angle towards the back of the joint behind the straight patellar ligament (medial or lateral) |
