Joint And Solidary Liability

Front 1

1207

Back 1

The concurrence of two or more creditors or two or more debtors in one and the same obligation does not imply that each one of the former has a right to demand or that each one of the latter is bound to render entire compliance with the prestations. There is a solidary liability only when the obligation expressly so states or when the law or the obligation requires solidarity.

Front 2

1208

Back 2

If from the law, the wording or the nature of the obligation to which the preceding article refers to the contrary does not appear, the credit or the debt shall be presumed to be divided into as many equal shares as there are creditors or debtors, the credits or debts being considered distinct from one another subject to the rules of court governing the multiplicity of suits.

Front 3

1277

Back 3

Confusioj does not extinguish a joint obligation except as regards the share corresponding to the creditor or the debtor in which the two characters concur.

Front 4

1381

Back 4

The following contracts are rescissible:
(1) Those which are entered into by guardians whenever the wards whom they represent suffer lesion by more than one-fourth of the value of the things which are the object thereof;
(2) Those agreed upon in representation of absentees, if the latter suffer the lesion stated in the preceding number;
(3) Those undertaken in fraud of creditors when the latter cannot in any other manner collect the claims due them;
(4) Those which refer to things under litigation if they have been entered into by the defendant without the knowledge and approval of the litigants or of competent judicial authority;
(5) All other contracts specially declared by law to be subject to rescission.