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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is prepubertal growth velocity?
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4-6 cm/yr
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What is postpubertal growth velocity?
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8-10 cm/yr
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What is the first sign of puberty in girls?
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thelarche
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What is the first sign of puberty in boys?
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thinning of scrotal skin, testicular volume enlargement
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At what SMR stage does growth velocity peak in
a. Girls b. Boys |
a. SMR 3
b. SMR 4 |
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In constitutional growth delay, bone age is
(equal, less than, greater than) _____ chronological age. |
BA less than CA
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What is delayed puberty in girls - give two answers.
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1. No menses by 4 years after thelarche.
2. No menses by age 16 years. |
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What is the order of puberty in girls?
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TAGME
Thelarche - Adrenarche - Growth spurt - Menarche |
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What age is precocious puberty in girls caucasian vs. AA?
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Caucasian - 8 yrs
AA - 7 yrs |
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What central hormone is responsible for initiating puberty?
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GnRH pulse generator
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What percentile weight is SGA?
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Less than 10th %
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What percentile weight is LGA?
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Greater than 90th %
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What is defined as ADEQUATE Group B Strep treatment?
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Penicillin given greater than or equal to 4 hours prior to delivery.
* Not Vanc or Clinda * Not number of doses |
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What are "risk factors" to administer antibiotics to a GBS UNKNOWN mother?
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1. Gestational age < 37wks
2. ROM > 18 hr 3. Maternal fever >100.4 4. GBS bacteruria during this pregnancy 5. Previous infant with invasive GBS disease |
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cerebral Na wasting vs SIADH
decreased UO |
SIADH
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cerebral Na wasting vs SIADH
hyponatremia |
SIADH
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cerebral Na wasting vs SIADH
volume depletion |
cerebral Na wasting
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cerebral Na wasting vs SIADH
normal serum Na |
can be seen with cerebral Na wasting
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cerebral Na wasting vs SIADH
increased BP |
SIADH
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what med would you start for renal protection in pt with persistent proteinuria?
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ACE I
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What are some of the Signs and Symptoms of the Common Cold?
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Nasal discharge, congestion sneezing, post nasal drip
Sore throat, hoarseness, cough Low grade fever (<39) Decreased sleep, decreased appitite HA Irritability, Malaise, Myalgias, Fatique |
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Whare are some of the viruses known to cause the common cold?
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Rhino
Corona Adeno RSV Influenza Parainfluenza Reoviruses Nonpolio |
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What are some of the possible complications of the common cold?
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Sinus infection
AOM OM with effusion |
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Name some of the 1st generation antihistamines.
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Diphenhydramine
Hydroxyzine Chlorpheniramine Brompheniramine Clemastine |
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How do 1st generation antihistamines work?
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1st generation antihistamines are H1 receptor blockers. They have anticholinergic properties causing a drying action on mucous membranes.
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Name the 2nd generation antihistamines.
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Terfenadine
Astemizole Loratadine Cetirizine |
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What are the differences between the 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines?
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1st generation crosses the BBB Which can result in sedation and they have anticholinergic properties. 2nd Generations don't cross the BBB and don't have anticholinergic properties (don't have a drying effect).
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Name some common Decongestants and their mechanism of action.
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Pseudoephedrin, Phenylephedrin, Oxymetazoline
They are sympathomimetics. They cause vasoconstriction, which reduces blood volume and swelling in the nasal mucosa ultimately decreasing nasal discharge |
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What are the adverse effects of systemic Decongestants?
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Tachycardia Hypertension Palpitations Dysrhythmias
Irritability Agitation Sleeplessness Anorexia HA N/V Seizures Dystonic reactions |
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What are the adverse effects of Antihistamines.
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Sedation
Paradoxic excitability Dizziness Respiratory depression Hallucinations Tachycardia Heart Block Arrhythmia Dry Mouth Blurred vision Urinary retention |
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What is the most common manifestation of GER in infants?
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Vomiting
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What is Sandifer Syndrome?
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GERD resulting in sterotypic repetitive stretching and arching movements that may be mistaken for atypical seizures or dystonia.
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How do preschool children with GERD present?
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Intermittent vomiting, food refusal, or respiratory complications.
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How do older children with GERD present?
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Heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, food impaction or if severe inflammation there can be chronic blood loss with anemia and hemetemesis.
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What are the warning signs suggestive of nonreflux disease?
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Bilious or forceful vomiting, hemetemesis, hematochezia, diarrhea, abdominal tenderness or distention, onset of vomiting after 6 months, fever, lethargy, hepatosplenomegaly, seizures, macrocephaly/microcephaly
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What conditions can be diagnoses by UGI?
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Malrotation, esophageal or antral webs, pyloric stenosis, Schatzki rign
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Can an UGI discriminate between physiologic and nonphysiologic reflux?
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No.
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What are the pulmonary complications of GERD?
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Asthma, bronchitis, apnea, ALTE, chronic cough, recurrent aspiration pneumonia
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What are the ENT complications of GERD?
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hoarseness, laryngitis, sinusitis, dental erosions, recurrent otitis media
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By what age do most infants outgrow their reflux?
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12 months
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