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328 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Which types of Juniper routers have an ASIC-driven Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE)? [2-10]
"M-series and T-series routers are ASIC driven, while J-series routers are not."
What type of architecture does the routing engine of an M-series router run on? [2-12]
Intel 32-bit (IA-32)
What type of architecture does the forwarding plane of an M-series router run on? [2-12]
Custom ASIC architecture
What type of architecture does the forwarding plane of a J-series router run on? [2-13]
Intel 32-bit (IA-32)
What type of architecture does the routing engine of a J-series router run on? [2-13]
Intel 32-bit (IA-32)
Why can't you run JunOS software on standard PC hardware?
JunOS will not forward packets unless it can verify that the EPROM is properly signed by Juniper networks.
What part of the JunOS architecture is responsible for performing routing updates and system management?
The Routing Engine (RE)
What part of the JunOS architecture is responsible for forwarding transit packets through the router?
The Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE)
"On a J-series router, how is the Packet Forwarding Engine implemented?"
"Using real-time threads, instead of custom ASIC processors."
"On a M-series or T-series router, how is the Packet Forwarding Engine implemented?"
Using ASIC processors.
How does the PFE receive the forwarding table (FT) from the routing engine?
Through an internal link.
What component of JunOS provides the CLI and the J-Web GUI?
The RE
"On a J-series router, what process is responsible for emulating the microkernel found in the M-series and T-series routers?"
fwdd-unix
"In a J-series router, why does adding PIMs increase the overall throughput of the router?"
Because PIMs have individual network processors.
What is the form factor of a J2320 Services Router?
1-RU
"How much RAM comes standard on a J2320, and what is it upgradeable to?"
"256MB standard, upgradeable to 1GB."
"How large is the compact flash disk on a J2320, and what is it upgradeable to?"
"256MB standard, upgradeable to 1GB"
How many USB ports does the J2320 have?
One.
How much throughput can the J2320 handle?
400Mbps
How many built-in 10/100/1000 ports does the J2320 have?
Four.
How many expandable PIM slots does the J2320 have?
Three.
"How much RAM comes standard in a J2350, and what is it upgradeable to?"
"256MB, upgradeable to 1GB"
"How large is the compact flash disk on a J2350, and what is it upgradeable to?"
"256MB, upgradeable to 1GB"
How many USB ports does the J2350 have?
One.
How much throughput can the J2350 handle?
500Mbps
How many built-in 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports does the J2350 have?
Four
How many expandable PIM slots does the J2350 have?
Five
What type of power options are available on the J2350?
AC or DC
What is the form factor of the J4350?
2-RU
How much RAM comes standard in the J4350 and what is it upgradeable to?
"256MB or 1GB, upgradeable to 2GB."
What size is the compact flash drive in a J4350 and what is it upgradeable to?
"256MB, upgradeable to 1GB."
How many USB ports does a J4350 have?
Two.
How much clear-text throughput can a J4350 handle?
600Mbps
How much encrypted throughput can the J4350 handle without hardware acceleration?
30Mbps
How much encrypted throughput can the J4350 handle with hardware acceleration?
300Mbps
How many built-in 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports does the J4350 have?
Four.
How many EPIM/PIM slots does the J4350 have?
Two EPIM/PIM slots and four PIM-only slots.
What is the form factor of the J6350?
2-RU
How much RAM comes standard in the J6350 and what is it upgradeable to?
"1GB, upgradeable to 2GB"
How large is the standard compact flash drive in the J6350 and what is it upgradeable to?
"256MB, upgradeable to 1GB"
How many USB ports does the J6350 have?
Two.
How much clear-text throughput will the J6350 handle?
1Gbps
What J-series module includes a standard hardware encryption module?
The J6350
How much encrypted throughput can the J6350 handle?
500Mbps with built-in hardware acceleration
How many 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports does the J6350 have?
Four.
How many EPIM/PIM slots does the J6350 have?
Four EPIM/PIM slots and two PIM-only slots.
Which model of J-series router has redundant (hot-swappable) AC or DC power supplies?
J6350
Which models of J-series routers include an EIA-232 RJ45 management port?
All of them.
What is the form factor of the M7i?
2-RU
What type of storage media is in the M7i?
compact flash and hard disk
How much clear text throughput can the M7i handle?
8.4Gbps
What type of ports and PIC slots are available on the M7i?
"Two Fast Ethernet or one Gigabit Ethernet, and four PIC slots"
What is the form factor of the M10i?
5-RU
What type of storage does the M10i have?
compact flash and hard drive
How much clear text throughput can the M10i handle?
12.8Gbps
"What M-series routers offer redundant Routing Engines, CFEBs and power supplies?"
M10i and M120
What is the form factor of the M120?
12-RU
What type of storage does the M120 have?
compact flash and hard drive
How much clear text throughput can the M120 handle?
120Gbps
How many FPC slots does the M120 have?
"two compact FPC slots and four FPC slots for type 1, 2, or 3 FPCs"
What does the MM-F/P/T model indicate?
"MM=media type
F=FPC number
P=PIC number
T=Port number"
What naming convention do J-series routers use for specifying interfaces?
The same three-level naming convention used in M-series and T-series routers: MM-F/P/T
"What does the media type ""at"" indicate on a port?"
ADSL interface
"What does the media type ""dsc"" indicate on a router port?"
Virtual interface that discards packets.
"What does the media type ""e1"" indicate on a router port?"
E1 WAN interface
"What does the media type ""fe"" indicate on a router port?"
FastEthernet (10/100Mbps) LAN interface
"What does the media type ""ge"" indicate on a router port?"
Gigabit Ethernet (10/100/1000Mbps) LAN interface
"What does the media type ""gr"" or ""gre"" indicate on a router port?"
Generic Routing Encapsulation interface (generally not configurable)
"What does the media type ""ip"" or ""ipip"" indicate on a router port?"
IP-over-IP interface (Internally generated and not configurable)
"What does the media type ""lo"" indicate on a router port?"
Loopback interface
"What does the media type ""ls"" or ""lsi"" indicate on a router port?"
Link services interface (Internally generated and not configurable)
"What does the media type ""mt"" or ""mtun"" indicate on a router port?"
Multicast GRE interface (internally generated and not configurable)
"What does the media type ""pd"" or ""pimd"" indicate on a router port?"
PIM de-encapsulator interface (internally generated and not configurable)
"What does the media type ""pe"" or ""pime"" indicate on a router port?"
PIM encapsulator interface (internally generated and not configurable)
"What does the media type ""pp"" indicate on a router port?"
Point-to-Point protocol interface (used for PPPoE)
"What does the media type ""se"" indicate on a router port?"
Serial interface
"What does the media type ""sp"" indicate on a router port?"
Services interface
"What does the media type ""tap"" indicate on a router port?"
The tap interface is internally generated and not configurable
"What does the media type ""t1"" indicate on a router port?"
T1 WAN interface
"What does the media type ""t3"" indicate on a router port?"
T3 WAN interface
Why does adding a J-series PIM to a router not decrease its overall capacity?
Because each J-series PIM contains a network processor that handles some of the packet processing functions.
What pieces of a J-series router are field replaceable units (FRUs)?
"Compact flash
USB storage device
DRAM
PIMs
Encryption acceleration card"
What J-series router supports hot insertion and removal of a redundant power supply?
J6350
Does insertion of a new PIM into a J-series chassis require power off?
"Yes, the unit should be powered down before replacing or adding a PIM."
What two user interface options are available locally in JunOS?
"- J-Web web-based user interface
- JunOS CLI"
What two network management solutions are available for JunOS routers?
"- SDX
- JUNOscope"
What language does JUNOscript use?
XML
What is RPM?
Real-Time Performance Monitoring
What router series' include a dedicated management Ethernet port?
M-series and T-series
What is the name of the dedicated management Ethernet port?
fxp0 or em0
"If the authentication order is [radius tacplus] and both the RADIUS and TACACS+ servers are down/unreachable, will the local password database be checked for authentication?"
"Yes, because no reply was received from either of the authentication options."
"If the authentication order is [radius tacplus] and both the RADIUS and TACACS+ servers respond with authentication rejects, will the local password database be checked for authentication?"
No. The local database is only checked if no response is received from any of the listed authentication methods.
What component of the user hierarchy is a container for one or more permissions and explicit allow/deny overrides?
"The ""class"" level."
"What happens if a user has a TACACS+ account but not a RADIUS account, and the authentication-order is [radius tacplus], what will happen?"
"The user will get a reject from the RADIUS server, but then move on to the TACACS+ server and be accepted. User should be able to log in with TACACS+ credentials."
What are the four predefined login classes?
"super-user, operator, read-only, and unauthorized"
What permissions does the predefined operator class grant by default?
"Clear, network, reset, trace, and view"
What permissions does the predefined read-only class grant by default?
View only
How are user classes set up logically?
"Using a predefined permission set, with specific commands allowed or denied."
"If a user class contains a deny statement and an allow statement for a particular command, what is the result?"
The command is allowed by the user class.
How many rollback configurations are stored (maximum)?
50
What is the command to load a rollback configuration into the candidate configuration?
rollback <x>
"When a candidate configuration is committed, what rollback number does the previously active configuration become?"
rollback 1
Where are the first three configuration rollbacks stored?
/config
Where are rollbacks 4-49 stored?
/var/db/config
What is required before enabling HTTPS-based access to the J-web GUI?
Installation of an SSL certificate.
Is access via J-web enabled by default?
Yes. Factory-default configuration enables autoinstallation and J-web access using HTTP.
"When a system is at factory defaults, what section of the interface does the J-web GUI default to?"
Configuration > Quick Configuration > Setup
"Once initial setup is complete, what section of the interface does the J-web GUI default to?"
Monitor > System
"What J-web suboption allows you to view, download, or activate any of the 50 most recent committed configurations?"
Configuration > History
What J-web suboption allows to you work directly with the configuration file in the same format used by the CLI?
Configuration > View and Edit
What is the configuration file called that does not exist by default and is meant to ensure management access to the router?
The rescue configuration.
"In J-web, how do you save a known good configuration so that it can be reloaded by pressing the CONFIG/RESET CONFIG button on the front of a J-series router?"
Configuration > Rescue
"In the CLI, what character identifies operational mode?"
>
"In the CLI, what character identifies configuration mode?"
#
What is the difference between root and nonroot users logging into the CLI?
"nonroot users are placed into the CLI automatically, whereas the root user must start the CLI from the shell"
What command does the root user need to use to start the CLI shell from the UNIX shell?
cli
What EMACS keyboard sequence moves the cursor left one character?
Ctrl-B
What EMACS keyboard sequence moves the cursor to the beginning of the command line?
Ctrl-A
What EMACS keyboard sequence moves the cursor right one character?
Ctrl-F
What EMACS keyboard sequence moves the cursor to the end of the command line?
Ctrl-E
What EMACS keyboard sequence deletes the character after the cursor?
Ctrl-D
What EMACS keyboard sequence deletes from the cursor to the end of the command line?
Ctrl-K
What EMACS keyboard sequence deletes all characters/negates the current command?
Ctrl-U
What EMACS keyboard sequence deletes the entire word to the left of the cursor?
Ctrl-W
What EMACS keyboard sequence redraws the current line?
Ctrl-L
What EMACS keyboard sequence repeats the previous command in command history?
Ctrl-P
What EMACS keyboard sequence moves to the next command in command history?
Ctrl-N
What key will complete a command but not a variable?
Spacebar
What key will complete a command or variable?
Tab
What are the 14 commands that can be used with the pipe ( | ) symbol?
"1) compare <filename|rollback x>
2) count
3) display detail (config mode only)
4) display xml
5) except <regEx>
6) find <regEx>
7) hold
8) last
9) match <regEx>
10) no-more
11) request message
12) resolve
13) save <filename>
14) trim"
What config command allows multiple users to edit the configuration file and only commit their individual changes?
configure private
What config command allows a user to become the config master in order to edit the candidate configuration?
configure exclusive
What configuration-level command functions similarly to the cd command to move around the configuration hierarchy?
edit
What configuration command moves up one level in the configuration hierarchy?
up
What configuration command can be used to move up <x> levels in the configuration hierarchy?
up <x>
What configuration command moves to the top of the configuration hierarchy?
top
What command can be used to display the differences between the candidate and active configurations?
show | compare
How can you compare the active configuration with a historical rollback configuration?
"(from operational mode)
show configuration | compare rollback <x>"
How can you compare the active configuration to a saved file?
"(from operational mode)
show configuration | compare"
What command can be used to view differences between any two text files?
"(from operational mode)
file compare files <filename1> <filename2>"
What commit command will confirm syntax but not actually commit changes?
commit check
What commit command will temporarily activate a candidate configuration?
commit confirmed
What commit command can be used to commit changes at a specified time in the future?
commit at <time>
Does the rollback command modify the active configuration?
"No, rollback only modifies the candidate configuration."
What command can be used to save the current candidate configuration?
save <filename>
"Where are configuration files saved using ""save <filename>"" stored?"
"In the user's come directory, unless a full path name is specified."
"Regarding hierarchy, what is important to keep in mind when doing a ""save"" from configuration mode?"
save only saves from the current hierarchy down.
"What command can be used with the ""save <filename>"" command to display set statements instead of displaying the hierarchical configuration?"
save <filename> | display set
What options can be used for filename targets?
"A path and filename on the local router's file system, or the URL of an FTP or SCP server."
What command can be used to load a complete or partial configuration into the current candidate configuration?
load
What three options are available when loading from a filename or terminal into the candidate configuration?
"merge, override, replace"
Does the load command modify the active configuration?
"No, it only modifies the candidate configuration."
What command can be used to execute operational-mode CLI commands from within configuration mode?
run
Is HTTP access to J-web enabled by default on J-series routers?
Yes.
What three authentication methods are supported by JunOS?
"RADIUS, TACACS+, local database"
What software process handles the autoinstallation task?
autod
What two protocols are used during autoinstallation to acquire IP addresses for LAN interfaces?
DHCP and RARP
What protocol is used during autoinstallation to acquire IP addresses for point-to-point WAN links?
SLARP
What happens during autoinstallation if an interface fails three times to acquire an IP address with DHCP and RARP?
The interface is assigned a static address and start a DHCP server process on the interface.
What types of routers include autoinstallation functionality?
J-series only.
What software process handles the autoinstallation task?
autod
What two protocols are used during autoinstallation to acquire IP addresses for LAN interfaces?
DHCP and RARP
What protocol is used during autoinstallation to acquire IP addresses for point-to-point WAN links?
SLARP
What happens during autoinstallation if an interface fails three times to acquire an IP address with DHCP and RARP?
The interface is assigned a static address and start a DHCP server process on the interface.
What types of routers include autoinstallation functionality?
J-series only.
What hidden command is automatically used to deactivate autoinstallation after a successful commit?
delete-upon-commit
Where are autoinstallation logs sent?
/var/log/autod
What section of the configuration hierarchy must be modified to override default autoinstallation behavior?
[edit system autoinstallation]
What command stops the autoinstallation process?
request system autoinstallation stop
What command restarts the autoinstallation process?
restart autoinstallation
"What page in J-web allows you to view, save, or delete the rescue configuration?"
Configuration > Rescue
"From the CLI, what command sets the rescue configuration to the currently active configuration?"
request system configuration rescue save
What button on the front of the chassis can be used to activate the rescue configuration if briefly pressed?
RESET CONFIG
What configuration mode command overwrites the candidate configuration with the rescue configuration?
rollback rescue
"What is the root user's password, by default?"
There is no root password by default.
What CLI command will overwrite the candidate configuration with the default configuration?
load factory-default
"What chassis button can be pressed to load a factory-default configuration, but deletes the active config, all rollback configs, and the rescue config?"
"RESET CONFIG, if held for more than 15 seconds"
On a J-series router, is J-web enabled by default?
Yes
What are the supported methods of authentication?
- RADIUS
- TACACS+
- Local Database
If a password is rejected by an authentication method, what does the router do?
Either rejects the user connection or attempts the next configured authentication method in the list.
What type of cables do you use to connect to Juniper router serial interfaces?
Proprietary Juniper Networks cables.
To perform a graceful shutdown of an interface and ensure file system integrity (From J-Web):
Use the Manage > Reboot > Halt Immediately option
To perform a graceful shutdown of an interface and ensure file system integrity (From CLI):
request system halt
What system process handles autoinstallation functionality?
autod
How many times will a LAN interface attempt address acquisition before being assigned a static address and starting the DHCP process?
Three
What are the two stages of autoinstallation on a J-series router?
1) Address acquisition
2) Configuration file transfer
By default, what protocol is used to transfer the configuration file during autoinstallation?
TFTP
What protocols are supported for configuration file transfer during autoinstallation?
HTTP, TFTP, FTP
If DHCP or RARP address assignment is not available, what interface is assigned a 192.168.1.1/24 address statically?
fw-0/0/0 or ge-0/0/0
If DHCP or RARP address assignment is not available, what address is assigned to the fe-0/0/1 or ge-0/0/1 interface?
192.168.2.1 /24
On a J-series at factory defaults, what is the root password?
The root password is not set by default.
What is the difference when logging into the CLI with the root user or any other user?
The root user needs to start the CLI using the command "cli"
How many logical interface units do PPP and HDLC encapsulations support?
Only one. (Unit 0)
What point-to-point encapsulations are supported by JunOS?
PPP, HDLC, and Frame Relay
What interfaces support DHCP server mode when performing autoinstallation?
Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet
Describe how a rescue configuration is saved and later activated.
- No rescue configuration exists on a device by default.

- Once saved, you can activate the rescue configuration using the CLI, J-Web or on J-series routers by using the "RESET CONFIG" button on the front of the chassis.

- The rescue configuration can be saved, deleted, viewed, or restored from Configuration > Rescue in J-web

- To set the rescue configuration to the currently active configuration from the CLI, use the command "request system configuration rescue save"

- To view the rescue configuration from the CLI use the command "show system configuration rescue"

- To delete the rescue configuration from the CLI use the command "request system configuration rescue delete"

- To activate the rescue configuration from the CLI use the command "rollback rescue"
How can you return a unit to factory default state?
- From the CLI use the command "load factory-default" (then "commit")

- Hold the "RESET CONFIG" button on the front of the chassis for 15 seconds. This method also deletes the current active configuration, the rescue configuration, and all rollback configurations.
List and describe four parameters that are normally configured during initial installation.
1) root password (By default the only user that can access a router is root. There is no root password specified in the initial active configuration.)

2) Hostname of the router.

3) Time of day/NTP

4) System services for remote access (Telnet, SSH, HTTP/HTTPS)

5) Management interface IP address (J-series routers do not have a dedicated management interface, but best practice is to reserve the fe-0/0/0 or ge-0/0/0 interface for out-of-band management).

6) Loopback interface

7) IP address of the default router in the management network.
Describe parameters that are configured at the logical unit level of an interface.
- Protocol family (inet, inet6, iso, mpls)

- MTU

- Addresses (IPv4/IPv6 address, ISO NET address)

- Virtual Circuits (VLAN tag, DLCI, VPI/VCI)
What is the default root password?
There is none. This should be set up during intial configuration.
What user authentication methods are available?
RADIUS, TACACS+, local database
List two user interface options supported by J-series platforms.
- J-Web

- CLI
What does the "confirmed" switch do when configuring changes?
Causes the system to start a time, during which time it expects to see another commit. If a second commit does not occur in the specified time-out value (10 minutes default), the system performs a "rollback 1; commit" sequence.
What command restores the router to the previously committed configuration?
rollback 0
commit
How can you display differences between an active and a candidate configuration?
"show configuration | compare"
What is the difference between the merge, override, and replace arguments when loading a file?
- merge combines the current configuration with the configuration being loaded.

- override completely overwrites the current configuration with the configuration being loaded. You must perform override operations at the root of the configuration hierarchy

- replace: looks for a replace tag in the configuration being loaded. Existing statements of the same name are replaced with those in the loaded configuration for stanzas marked with the replace tag.
How can you display the status of an interface while in configuration mode?
run show interfaces <interface>
What is the purpose of J-series copy protection, and how does it work?
- To prevent running JunOS software on nonlicensed hardware.

- It works by checking for an EPROM signed by the Juniper Networks private key.
What does it mean if the STATUS LED on a J-series router is blinking green?
The kernel is booting.
What is the HA LED on the front of a J-series router used for?
Unused in the current JunOS software release.
If the J4350 or J6350 is experiencing a condition that is not critical but requires monitoring or maintenance, how will the ALARM LED display?
Steadily yellow
If the J4350 or J6350 is experiencing a condition that is critical and can result in system shutdown, how will the ALARM LED display?
Steadily red
What CLI command will display the chassis temperature reading?
show chassis environment
What CLI command will display the temperature of the CPU?
show chassis routing-engine
What CLI command will display a brief summary of interface status?
show interfaces terse
What CLI command will clear the counters displayed by "show interfaces extensive"?
clear interfaces statistics <interface-name>
or
clear interfaces statistics all
What CLI command will display real-time statistics and error reports for an interface?
monitor interface <interface-name>
What modifier can be used to cause configuration statements to not take effect when you issue the commit command?
deactivate
What statement reverses the deactivate modifier in a configuration?
activate
What configuration modifier administratively disables an interface or logical unit while retaining configured properties?
disable
What CLI command can be used to bounce J-series PIMs or M-series FPCs?
request chassis fpc restart slot <slot-number>
What CLI command is used in lieu of tcpdump?
monitor traffic
What is the primary syslog file on a J-series router?
/var/log/messages
What does the archive section of the the system logging options configuration do?
Determines how to archive system logging files (default is to keep 10 archive files with a maximum size of 128KB each.)
What does the console section of the the system logging options configuration do?
Determines the types of syslog messages to log to the system console.
What configuration stanza can be added to the configuration hierarchy to enable debugging on that section of the configuration?
traceoptions
What CLI command will display the contents of a log or tracefile?
show log <filename>
What CLI command can be used to monitor a trace in real-time?
monitor start <filename>
What CLI command can be used to clear a log file that is being written to by traceoptions?
clear log <filename>
What does the soft licensing model ensure will not happen?
Licensing will never be the cause of a network outage.
Where are license keys stored?
/config/license/
What CLI command will show the licenses configured on a J-Series router?
show system license keys
What CLI command will back up your license data?
request system license save
What CLI command will show which of the installed licenses are being used and any additional licenses that are required?
show system license usage
What is the primary boot device of a JunOS router?
compact flash
On a J-series router, what is the secondary boot device?
USB
On a M-series platform, what is the secondary boot device?
Hard drive
What CLI command can be used to reboot using a specific device as the boot device?
request system reboot media <device>
What is the system device name of the primary compact flash hard drive?
/dev/ad0s1a
What is the system device name of the M-series hard drive?
/dev/ad1s1a
What is the system device name of the J4300/J6300 removable compact flash drive?
/dev/ad2s1a
What is the system device name of the USB storage device?
/dev/da0s1a
What is the main difference between the domestic and export versions of J-series software?
Domestic version supports 128-bit encryption and requires signed agreement, while the export version supports only 56-bit encryption.
Explain the J-series software package naming convention.
junos-jseries-m.nZnumber-region.tgz

m.n is the major version number

Z is a single uppercase letter:
A=alpha
B=beta
R=release
T=Internal

number=the release number and may include the build number for that release.

region=either domestic or export
What CLI command can be used to show the free disk space in JunOS?
show system storage
What CLI command is used to add a new package?
request system software add
By default, where is a copy of the previous software package stored?
/packages/
What CLI command can be used to restore a previous software version?
request system software rollback
What CLI command can be used to mirror the contents of the primary compact flash onto a secondary boot device?
request system snapshot
What CLI commands can be used to delete files or backups?
file delete <filename>
or
request system software delete-backup
Password Recovery: At the boot loader prompt, what command needs to be entered to boot to single-user mode?
boot -s
List two methods for monitoring J-series platform operation.
- CLI "show system" commands

- J-web Monitor>System page
What does a blinking power LED indicate?
The router is gracefully shutting down.
What command displays interface statistics in real time?
monitor interface
Describe the switches that can be used with the ping utility:
verbose = display detailed output
count = number of pings to send
detail = display incoming interface of received packet
interface = source interface
interval = delay between ping requests
size = size of request packets
Describe the switches that can be used with the traceroute utility:
gateway = address of router gateway to route through

interface = name of interface to use for outgoing traffic

source = source address to use in outgoing traceroute packets

ttl = ip maximum time-to-live value
What command will search a long file for instances of the world "fail" and how could you easily count the number of such instances?
show log <filename> | match "fail"

show log <filename> | match "fail" | count
What is the purpose of a snapshot command?
To create a backup that can be used in the event of a primary compact flash failure.
What routing table is used to hold IPv4 unicast routes?
inet.0
Routing preference values can range from 0 to 4,294,967,295. Is a higher or lower value preferred?
Lower.
What do you need to configure if you want to propagate routes from one source to another protocol?
Routing policies
What actions are considered terminating actions in regard to routing policies?
accept, reject
What is the default import policy for OSPF?
Accept all LSAs flooded by that protocol.
What is the default export policy for OSPF?
Reject everything. (Announce only OSPF-learned and local routes)
What is the default import policy for RIP?
Accept all learned RIP routes, export nothing.
What is the default export policy for RIP?
Reject everything. (RIP requires export policy to announce RIP (or other) routes).
By default, does a Juniper router perform recursive lookups for next-hop addresses?
No. By default the next-hop IP address of static routes configured in JUNOS must be reachable via a direct route.
What happens to a static route if the IP address of the next hop is unreachable across a directly connected interface?
That route becomes nonactive.
What command would create a static route to the 192.168.1.0/24 network with a next hop of 10.1.1.1?
set routing-options static route 192.168.1.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.1
What show command can be used to display static routes?
show route protocol static
Is RIP a link-state or distance-vector routing protocol?
distance-vector
In RIP, what is used as the metric for path selection?
hop count
In RIP, how often are routing updates sent?
Every 30 seconds.
What version of RIP is necessary to use classless routing?
RIPv2
What is the IP multicast address of RIPv2?
224.0.0.9
What command can be run to show interfaces currently running RIP?
show rip neighbor
What command can be used to show RIP routes in the unicast routing table?
show route protocol rip
What CLI command can be used to show the routes that are advertised out a RIP interface as a result of your RIP export policy?
show route advertising-protocol rip <interface_ip>
For how many RIP update cycles does a a RIP router send poison reverse advertisements about unreachable prefixes?
Three RIP update cycles (Approx. 90 seconds)
What CLI command can be used to view the routes being received via an interface participating in RIP?
show route receive-protocol rip <interface_ip>
Is OSPF a link-state or a distance -vector routing protocol?
link-state
In OSPF terminology, what is considered to be a "backbone router"?
Any router with a link to Area 0.
In OSPF terminology, what is considered to be an "internal router"?
A router with all of its links within a single area.
In OSPF terminology, what is considered to be an "area border router"?
A router with links in two areas.
In OSPF terminology, what is considered to be an "autonomous system boundary router"?
A router that injects routing information from outside the OSPF domain.
What CLI command can be used to display OSPF neighbor adjacencies?
show ospf neighbor
In OSPF terminology, what is a "stub area"?
Areas into which, or through which AS external advertisements are NOT flooded.
In OSPF terminology what is a "totally stubby area"?
A stub area that ONLY receives the default route from the backbone.
In OSPF terminology, what is a "not-so-stubby area"?
An area that allows external routes to be flooded within the area and leaked into other areas. However, external routes from other areas do not enter the NSSA?
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 1 LSA?
Router LSA
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 2 LSA?
Network LSA
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 3 LSA?
Summary LSA
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 4 LSA?
ASBR LSA
In OSPF terminology, what is an intra-area route?
A route that is generated from within an area.
In OSPF terminology, what is an interarea or summary route?
A route that originates from another area.
In OSPF terminology, what is an external route?
A route that originates from another routing protocol or a different OSPF process and is injected into OSPF through redistribution.
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 5 LSA?
AS external LSA
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 6 LSA?
Multicast OSPF LSA [not used in modern OSPF networks]
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 7 LSA?
NSSA external LSA
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 8 LSA?
External attributes LSA [not used in modern OSPF networks]
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 9 LSA?
Opaque LSA (link scope) [not used in modern OSPF networks]
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 10 LSA?
Opaque LSA (area scope -- used for traffic engineering)
According to the OSPF specification, what is a type 11 LSA?
Opaque LSA (AS scope)
What CLI command would you use to add interface fe-0/0/1.0 to OSPF area 0?
set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-0/0/1.0
What is required if you want to explicitly declare the loopback IP as the OSPF Router ID?
Run OSPF on the loopback interface.
What command will explicitly declare the router-id of a router to be 192.168.1.1?
set routing-options router-id 192.168.1.1
What CLI command will display routes in inet.0 that were learned via OSPF?
show ospf route
What CLI command displays information related to the interfaces on which OSPF is running on?
show ospf interface
What CLI command will clear an OSPF neighbor adjacency?
clear ospf neighbor
What CLI command will display entries in the OSPF link-state database?
show ospf database
What CLI command will display all router LSAs in all areas that have an LSA identifier of 10.0.0.1?
show ospf database detail router-lsa-id 10.0.0.1
What CLI command will completely clear the link-state database?
clear ospf database
What does the purge switch do, when associated with clearing the link-state database?
Forces the local router to set ALL LSAs in its database to the maximum age, then reflood the LSAs. This forces all neighbor routers to refresh all their identical LSAs.
What is the general purpose of a routing policy?
To determine what route information should be transferred into or out of the routing table.
What is the purpose and role of an IGP?
An IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) is primarily used to give optimal connectivity/reachability within a particular routing domain.
What is the default import and export policy for RIP?
Import: Accept all learned RIP routes, export nothing.
Export: Reject everything.
How can you confirm OSPF adjacency status?
show ospf neighbor
How can you display the routes learned only by a specific protocol?
show <protocol> route
What is the purpose of an ABR?
The Area Border Router is meant to connect other areas to the backbone area.
What is the purpose of an ASBR?
An Autonomous System Border Router injects routing information from outside of OSPF into the OSPF area.
What is the advantage of OSPF route summarization?
To reduce the size of the link-state database, particularly in area 0.
What CLI command can be used to determine the service-package setting of an AS PIC?
show chassis hardware
What virtual interface does the services thread of the virtual AS PIC on a J-series present itself as?
sp-0/0/0
What does MLPPP stand for?
Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol
What is the maximum number of links that can be bundled into a MLPPP link?
Eight.
What does the minimum-links value do on a MLPPP bundle?
Specifies the minimum number of links that must be active for the bundle to be considered "up."
What is the first step of configuring NAT?
Define the services interface.
When defining a services interface to configure NAT, what family should the services interface use?
inet