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72 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
define TCS food
food that requires time and temperature control for safety
what are the 2 factors that you can control to reduce the growth of pathogens?
time and temperature
true or false: freezing kills viruses
false. freezing does not kill viruses
name a TCS produce item or plant food
- heat-treated plant food(cooked rice, cooked beans, cooked vegetables)
- sprouts and sprout seeds
- sliced melons
- cut tomatoes
- tofu or other soy protien
what are 2 actions you can take to precent the spread of viruses?
- washing hands/practicing good personal hygeine
- restricting or excluding foodhandlers from the operation if they have certain symptoms or illnesses
name the 6 conditions that favor the growth of most foodborne pathogens
- Food: specifically protiens and carbohydrates
- Acidity: contains little or no acid. pH of 4.6-7.5
- Temperature: 41°F to 135°F (5°C-57°C)
- Time: 4 or more hours in the temperature danger zone
- Oxygen: the necessary level of oxygen
- Moisture: pathogens need moisture in food to grow
symptoms of this viral foodborne inless include abdominal pain initially and jaundice later
Hepatitis A
preventing the spread of viruses can be achieved by following what practice?
good personal hygeine (e.g., washing hands, not working when ill)
this foodborne illness is most often linked with poultry and eggs
Salmonellosis
restricting foodhandlers with skin infections from handling food can prevent an illness from this pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
name 4 times when foodhandlers should wash their hands (other than at the start of a shift)
hand should be washed after:

- using the restroom
- touching the hair, face, body, clothing or aprons
-sneezing, coughing, or using a tissue
- eating, drinking, smoking, chewing gum or tobacco
- handling chemicals that might affect food safety
- taking out garbage, clearing tables, or busing dirty dishes
- handling money
- touching anything else that may contaminate hands (dirty equipment, work surfaces, towels, etc..)
describe the 5 steps to handwashing
1. wet hands and arms with hot water at least 100°F (38°C)
2. apply soap
3. scrub hands and arms for 10-15 seconds
4. rinse hands and arms thoroughly
5. dry hands and arms
what must a foodhandler do before putting on single-use gloves?
wash hands
what is the right way to care for a wound on a foodhandler's finger?
- wear a bandage over wound. make sure it keeps the wound from leaking
- cover the bandage with a single use glove or a finger cot.
how should a manager respond to a foodhandler who has vomiting, diarrhea, or jaundice?
exclude the foodhandler from the operation
once soap has been applied, how long should hands and arms be scrubbed?
10-15 seconds
name a hand care practice, in addition to handwashing, that can prevent contamination
- keep fingernails short and clean
- not wearing nail polish or false fingernails
- covering hand wounds with clean bandages and gloves or finger cots
name 2 instances when foodhandlers must change their gloves
- when they are torn or soiled
- before beginning a different task
- at least every 4 hours during continual use
- after handling raw meat, seafood, or poultry and before handling ready-to-eat food
name 2 symptoms that require a foodhandler to be excluded from working with food
- sore throat with fever in an operation that primarily serves a high risk population
- diarrhea
- vomiting
- jaundice
- diagnosed with certain foodborne illnesses
name 2 components of proper work attire
- clean hat or hair restraint
- clean clothing
- clean apron
- no jewelery on hands or arms
name the 2 requirements for a supplier to be considered an approved food supplier
- must be inspected
- must be in compliance with applicable local, state, and federal laws
how long can chicken salad, prepped in-house and held at 41°F (5°C) be stored?
a maximum of 7 days
what are the temperature requirements for recieving fresh meat, shell eggs, and cut tomatoes.
- fresh meat: internal temperature of 41°F (5°C) or lower
- shell eggs: air temperature of 45°F (7°C) or lower
- cut tomatoes: 41°F (5°C) or lower
list the steps for calibrating a bimetallic stemmed thermometer using the ice-point method
1. fill a container with crushed ice and tap water
2. put the sensing area of the thermometer stem or probe in the ice water; wait 30 seconds or until the indicator stops moving
3. hold the calibration nut with a wrench or other tool and adjust the head of the thermometer until it reads 32°F (0°C)
from top to bottom, what order should duck, ground beef, salmon, and straberries be stored in the same refrigerator?
1. strawberries
2. salmon
3. ground beef
4. duck
at what temperature should coolers be kept?
coolers must be kept at a temperature that keeps food at an internal temperature of 41°F(5°C) or lower
true or false:

recieving cut tomatoes at room temperature is acceptable. why or why not?
false:

cut tomatoes are considered TCS food and must be recieved at a temperature of 41°F(5°C) or lower
before checking the internal temperature of TCS food at recieving, what must be done to the thermometer?
the thermometer must be calibrated, cleaned and sanitized
what must be done to all ready-to-eat TCS food that is prepped in-house and held longer than 24 hours?
the food must be labeled with the name of the food and the date by which it should be sold, eaten, or thrown out
define FIFO and explain why it is used
FIFO stands for first in first out. this method of storage ensures that the oldest products are used first.
why would you use one set of equipment for raw meat and another set of equipment for ready-to-eat foods?
to prevent cross contamination
what is the temperature danger zone?
the temperature danger zone is the temperature range from 41°F to 135°F(5°C to 57°C), in which pathogens grow well
how do you calibrate a thermometer using the boiling point method?
1. bring tap water to boil in a deep pan
2. put the thermometer stem or probe into the boiling water. make sure the sensing area is under the water. wait until the indicator stops moving.
3. adjust the thermometer so it reads 212°F (100°C) or the correct temperature for your altitude
list the minimum internal cooking temperatures for poultry,ground pork, and pork chops
- poultry: 165°F (74°C) for 15 seconds
- ground pork: 155°F (68°C) for 15 seconds
- pork chops: 145°F (63°C) for 15 seconds
what is the minimum internal temperature that food must reach when it is being reheated for hot-holding?
within 2 hours, the food must reach a minimum internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) for 15 seconds
what are the 4 acceptable methods for thawing TCS food?
- in a cooler at 41°F (5°C) or lower
- submerged under running potable water at 70°F (21°C) or lower
- in a microwave oven, if the food will be cooked immediately after thawing
- as part of the cooking process
meat cooked in a microwave oven must be heated to what minimum internal temperature?
165°F (74°C)
what are the time and temperature requirements for reheating beef stew that will be held for service?
it must be reheated to 165°F (74°C) for 15 seconds within 2 hours
list the required minimum internal cooking temperatures for beefe roasts, stuffed pork chops, and shell eggs for immediate service
- beef roasts: 145°F (63°C) for 4 minutes
- stuffed pork chops: 165°F (74°C) for 15 seconds
- shell eggs for immediate service: 145°F (63°C) for 15 seconds
what are the time and temperature requirements for cooling food using two-stage cooling?
cool food from 135°F to 70°F (57°C to 21°C) within 2 hours, and to 41°F (5°C) or lower in the next 4 hours.
what is the maximum internal temperature for holding cold TCS food?
cold TCS food must be held at 41°F (5°C)
name 2 ways to avoid bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat food
- use single use gloves
- use deli sheets
- use tools such as tongs
what part of dishes and utinsels must servers avoid touching?
the food-contact surface, such as the top of a plate or rim of a glass
what are the only types of food that may be re-served to another customer?
the only food that may be re-served to another customer are bottles of condiments such as ketchup and unopened, prepackaged food such as wrapped crackers
list all the conditions that must be met to hold hot TCS food without temperature control
- hold the food at 135°F (57°C) or higher before removing it from temperature control
- label the food with the time you must throw it out, which is 4 hours after it was removed from temperature control
- sell, serve, or throw out the food within 4 hours
what should be the internal temperature for holding hot TCS food?
135°F (57°C) or higher
what are the 2 biggest hazards to food when serving it off-site?
- time and temperature abuse
- contamination
name 2 ways to prevent customers from contaminating self-service areas
- install sneeze guards
- label food items
- hand out fresh plates to customers on return visits
- separate raw and ready to eat foods
name two alternatives for minimizing bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat food
- wearing gloves
- using tongs or deli sheets to handle food
what are the requirements for holding potato salad without temperature control
1. prior to removal from temperature control, it must have been held at 41°F (5°C) or lower
2. it must not exceed 70°F (21°C)
3. it must contain a label specifying both the time it was removed from refrigeration and the time when it must be thrown out
4. it must be sold, served, or thrown out within 6 hours
what type of food safety management system controls risks and hazards throughout the flow of food using 7 sequential steps?
HACCP
what is the first step in implementing active managerial control in an operation?
consider the 5 risk factors throughout the flow of food
once critical limits have been created in a HACCP plan, what is the next step?
establish monitering procedures and determine the best way for the operation to check them
what is the first step in deveoping a crisis-management program?
establish a crisis-management team
name 2 FDA public health interventions
1. demonstration of knowledge
2. staff health controls
3. controlling hands as a vehicle of contamination
4. time and temperature parameters for controlling pathogens
5. consumer advisory
what is the first step to setting up a HACCP system?
conducting a hazard analysis
which food safety system is used to address the CDC risk factors for foodborne illness?
active managerial control
this is a point in the flow of food where identified hazards can be prevented, eliminated, or reduced to safe levels
critical control point (CCP)
name an activity performed by an operation that requires a HACCP plan
- smoking or curing food as a method of food preservation
- using food additives or adding components to preserve food
- custom-processing animals
- packaging food using reduced-oxygen (ROP) method
- pasteurizing packaged juice on-site, without a warning label
- sprouting seeds or beans
- offering live, molluscan shellfish from a display tank
cooking ground beef to 155°F (68°C) for 15 seconds is an example of this HACCP principle
a critical limit
all surfaces must be cleaned and rinsed. what additional task must be performed for food-contact surfaces?
sanitizing
what type of cleaner has a scouring agent that helps scrub hard-to-remove dirt?
abrasive cleaners
name two places where handwashing stations should be located in an operation
- restrooms
- food prep areas
- service areas
- dishwashing areas
- any areas that make it easy for staff to wash their hands often
what is the minimum lighting intensity required for prep areas?
50-foot candles (540 lux)
what are the 5 steps to clean and sanitize items in a 3-compartment sink?
1. rinse, scrape, or soak items before washing them
2. clean items in the first sink in a detergent solution of at least 110°F (43°C)
3. rinse items in the second sink by either spraying them with water or dipping them in it
4. sanitize them in the third sink, using hot water or a chemical sanitizer
5. air-dry all items
according to the CDC, what are the 5 most common risk factors that cause foodborne illness?
1. purchasing food from unsafe sources
2. failing to cook food adequately
3. holding food at incorrect temperatures
4. using contaminated equipment
5. practicing poor personal hygiene
where should cleaning tools and supplies be stored in an operation?
in a separate area away from food and food-prep areas
what is the difference between cleaning and sanitizing?
- cleaning removes food and other dirt from a surface

- sanitizing reduces pathogens on a surface to safe levels
what is the main purpose of a backflow-prevention device such as a vacuum breaker or air-gap?
to prevent pulling dirty water into the safe water supply
what 5 factors influence the effectiveness of a sanitizer?
- contact time
- temperature
- concentration
- water hardness
- pH
what are the 5 necessary pieces of equipment in a handwashing station?
1. hot and cold running water
2. soap
3. means to dry hands
4. waste container
5. sign to indicate employees are to wash hands before returning to work
what are the 7 HACCP principles?
1. conduct a hazard analysis
2. determine the critical control points (CCP)
3. establish critical limits
4. establish monitoring procedures
5. identify corrective actions
6. verify that the system works
7. establish procedures for record keeping and documentation.