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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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180. Treatment for nocardia vs. actinomyces israelii “SNAP?
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a. Sulfa for Nocardia
b. Actinomyces use Penicillin. |
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181. Primary tuberculosis features?
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a. Ghon complex. The Ghon complex is composed of:
i. Hilar nodes ii. Ghon focus (usually lower lobes) |
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182. In whom does primary TB occur?
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a. Nonimmune host (usually child)
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183. In whom does secondary TB occur?
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a. Partially immune hypersensitized host (usually adult).
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184. 4 possible outcomes of primary tuberculosis?
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1. Heals by fibrosis-> Immunity and hypersensitivity->Tuberculin positive.
2. Progressive lung disease (HIV, malnutrition)-> Death (rare) 3. Severe bacteremia-> Miliary TB-> Death. 4. Preallergic lymphatic or haematogenous dissemination-> Dormant tubercle bacilli in several organs-> Reactivation in adult life. |
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185. Secondary tuberculosis features?
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a. Fibrocaseous cavitary lesion (usually upper lobes)
b. Reactivation of Tb in lungs. c. Extrapulmonary TB. |
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186. Extrapulmonary TB can infect what areas?
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a. CNS (parenchymal tuberculoma or meningitis)
b. Vertebral body (Pott’s disease) c. Lymphadenitis d. Renal e. GI. |
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187. PPD+ ?
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a. Current infection, past exposure, or BCG vaccinated.
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188. PPD negative?
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a. No infection
b. Anergic (steroids, malnutrition, immunocompromised, sarcoidosis!). |
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189. Ghon complex?
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a. TB granulomas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilar lymph node involvement).
b. Reflects primary infection or exposure!!!! |
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190. TB symptoms?
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a. Fever
b. Night sweats c. Weight loss d. Haemoptysis. |
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191. Mycobacterium kansasii sx?
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a. Pulmonary TB-like symptoms.
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192. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (and what would you use for prophylaxis)?
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a. Often resistant to multiple drugs.
b. Causes disseminated disease in AIDS. c. Prophylactic tx w/azithromycin. |
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193. How do all mycobacteria stain?
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a. Acid-fast.
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194. Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)- Mycobacterium Leprae bacterial characteristics?
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a. Acid fast bacillus.
b. Likes cool temperatures (infects skin and superficial nerves) and cannot be grown in vitro. c. Reservoir in US- Armadillos. |
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195. 2 forms of Hansen’s disease?
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a. Lepromatous
b. Tuberculoid. c. Lepromatous presents diffusely over skin and is communicable (pts w/weak T-cell immunity). d. Tuberculoid is limited to a few hypoesthetic skin nodules (pts w/intact T-cell response). e. “LEpromatous can be LEthal” |
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196. Treatment of Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)?
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a. Long term oral-dapsone.
i. Toxicity is haemolysis and methemoglobinemia. b. Alternate treatments include rifampin and combination of clofazimine and dapsone. |
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197. “Leonine facies” of lepromatous leprosy?
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a. Loss of eyebrows
b. Nasal collapse c. Lumpy earlobe |
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198. 4 possible choices for Gram – bacteria?
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1. Cocci
2. “Coccoid” rods 3. Rods 4. Oxidase +, comma shaped. |
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199. 2 types of G- diplococci?
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a. Neisseria meningitidis
b. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae |
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200. G- cocci that is a Maltose fermenter?
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a. N. meningitidis “Meningitidis –Maltose”
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201. G- Cocci that does not ferment maltose?
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a. N. gonorrhoea.
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202. 4 G- “coccoid” rods?
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1. Haemophilus influenzae!
2. Pasteurella- animal bites 3. Brucella- Brucellosis 4. Bordetella Pertussis! |
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203. 2 initial ways Gram negative Rods (not coccoid rods) are differentiated?
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a. Placed on MacConkey’s agar- Either Lactose fermenter (pink) or Lactose nonfermenter (white)
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204. Gram negative rods which ferment lactose (pink) on MacConkey’s agar and are Fast Fermenters?
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1. Klebsiella!
2. E. Coli! 3. Enterobacter |
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205. Gram negative rods which ferment lactose (Pink) on MacConkey’s agar and are Slow Fermenters?
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1. Citrobacter
2. Serratia 3. others |
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206. How are the gram negative, lactose nonfermenters (white) differentiated?
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a. Either Oxidase positive or negative.
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207. Gram negative, Lactose nonfermenter (white), oxidase negative (3)?!?
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1. Shigella!
2. Salmonella! 3. Proteus! |
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208. Gram negative, Lactose nonfermenter (white), oxidase positive (1)?!?
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a. Pseudomonas.
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