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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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270. Burkitt’s Chromosomal translocation and gene affected?
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a. t(8;14) c-myc activation.
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271. Follicular lymphoma Chromosomal translocation and gene affected?
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a. t(14;18) bcl-2 activation.
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272. M3 AML Chromosomal translocation?
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a. t(15;17) -responsive to all-trans retinoic acid.
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273. Ewing’s sarcoma Chromosomal translocation?
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a. t(11;22)
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274. Mantle cell lymphoma Chromosomal translocation?
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a. t(11;14)
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275. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and what do defective cells express?
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a. Proliferative disorders of dendritic (Langerhans) cells.
b. Defective cells express S-100 and CD1a. Jeef note: If its S-100 it must be neural crest in origin |
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276. Characteristic histo feature of Langerhans cell histiocytosis?!?!
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a. Birbeck granules “tennis rackets” on EM.
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277. 4 chronic myeloproliferative disorders?
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1. Polycythemia vera
2. Essential thrombocytosis 3. Myelofibrosis 4. CML b. The myeloproliferative disorders represent an often-overlapping spectrum, but the classic findings are described below. |
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278. RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, JAK2 mutations in Polycythemia vera?
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a. RBCs: ↑
b. WBCs: ↑ c. Platelets: ↑ d. JAK2 mutation: Positive. |
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279. Polycythemia Vera classic findings?
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a. Abnormal clone of hematopoietic stem cells are increasingly sensitive to growth factors.
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280. RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, JAK2 mutations in Essential thrombocytosis?
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a. RBCs: -
b. WBCs: - c. Platelets: ↑ d. JAK2 mutation: Positive (30-50%) |
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281. Essential thrombocytosis classic findings?
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a. Similar to polycythemia vera, but specific for megakaryocytes.
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282. RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, JAK2 mutations in myelofibrosis?
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a. RBCs: ↓
b. WBCs: variable c. Platelets: variable d. JAK2 mutation: Positive (30-50%) |
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283. Myelofibrosis classic findings?
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a. Fibrotic obliteration of bone marrow.
b. Teardrop cell c. “Bone marrow is crying because its fibrosed” |
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284. RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, JAK2 mutations in CML
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a. RBCs: ↓
b. WBCs: ↑ c. Platelets: ↑ d. JAK2 mutation: NEGATIVE e. Philadelphia chromosome positive. |
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285. Significance of JAK2 in the myeloproliferative disorders?
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a. JAK2 is involved in hematopoietic growth factor signalling.
b. Mutations are implicated in myeloproliferative disorders other than CML. |
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286. Plasma volume, RBC mass, O2 saturation, and EPO in Relative Polycythemia?
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a. Plasma volume: ↓ (its basically just due to dehydration)
b. RBC mass: - c. O2 sat: - d. EPO: - |
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287. Associated causes of appropriate absolute polycythemia?
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a. Lung disease
b. Congenital heart disease c. High altitude |
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288. Plasma volume, RBC mass, O2 saturation, and EPO in Appropriate absolute polycythemia?
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a. Plasma volume: -
b. RBC mass: ↑ c. O2 sat: ↓ d. EPO: ↑ |
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289. Cause of Inappropriate absolute polycythemia?
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a. Due to ectopic erythropoietin:
1. RCC (Renal cell carcinoma) 2. Wilm’s tumour 3. Cyst 4. HCC (Hepatocellular carcinoma) 5. Hydronephrosis |
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290. Plasma volume, RBC mass, O2 saturation, and EPO in Inappropriate absolute polycythemia?
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a. Plasma volume: -
b. RBC mass: ↑ c. O2 sat: - d. EPO: ↑ |
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291. Plasma volume, RBC mass, O2 saturation, and EPO in polycythemia vera?
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a. Plasma volume: ↑
b. RBC mass: ↑↑ c. O2 sat: - d. EPO: ↓ |
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292. MOA of Heparin?
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a. Cofactor for the activation of antithrombin.
b. ↓ thrombin and Xa. c. Short half-life. d. Activates antithrombin, which ↓ the action of IIa (thrombin) and Xa. |
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293. Clinical use of heparin?
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a. Immediate anticoagulation for pulmonary embolism, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, MI, DVT.
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294. Can heparin be used during pregnancy?
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a. Yes, does not cross placenta.
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295. What coag value do you follow w/heparin?
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a. PTT
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296. AE of Heparin?
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a. Bleeding
b. Thrombocytopenia (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia HIT) c. Osteoporosis d. Drug-drug interactions |
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297. Antidote for heparin?
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a. Protamine sulfate.
b. Positively charged molecule that binds negatively charged heparin. |
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298. Difference with newer low-molecular-weight heparins such as enoxaparin?
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a. Enoxaparin acts more on Xa, has better overall bioavailability, and 2-4 times longer half-life.
b. Can be administered subq and w/out laboratory monitoring. c. Not easily reversible. |
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299. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
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a. Heparin binds to platelet factor IV, causing antibody production that binds to and activates platelets leading to their clearance and resulting in a thrombocytopenic, hypercoagulable state!
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