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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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203. 5 Hereditary thrombosis syndromes leading to hypercoagulability?
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1. Factor V Leidin
2. Prothrombin gene mutation 3. ATIII deficiency 4. Protein C or S deficiency |
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204. Factor V Leiden Disease?
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a. Production of mutant factor V that cannot be degraded by protein C.
b. Most common cause of inherited hypercoagulability. |
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205. Prothrombin gene mutation?
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a. Mutation in 3’ untranslated region associated w/venous clots.
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206. ATIII deficiency disease?
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a. Inherited deficiency of antithrombin.
b. Reduced ↑ in PTT after administration of heparin. |
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207. Protein C or S deficiency?
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a. ↓ ability to inactivate factors V and VIII.
b. ↑ risk of thrombotic skin necrosis w/haemorrhage following administration of warfarin. |
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208. Leukemoid reaction?
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a. Often confused w/leukemia.
b. ↑ WBC count w/left shift (e.g. 80% bands) c. ↑Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase d. Usually due to infection. |
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209. Hodgkins vs. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma: Hodgkins differentiating features?
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a. Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
b. Localized, single group of nodes; extranodal sites rare. c. Contiguous spread (stage is strongest predictor of prognosis) |
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210. Symptoms of Hodgkin’s?
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a. Constitutional “B” signs/sx
1. Low grade fever 2. Night sweats 3. Wt. loss b. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy |
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211. With what virus are 50% of Hodgkins lymphoma cases associated?
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a. EBV
b. Bimodal distribution: Young and old. |
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212. In whom is Hodgkins more common: Men or women?
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a. Men except for nodular sclerosing type.
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213. What indicates good prognosis w/Hodgkins?
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a. ↑ lymphocytes
b. ↓ RS (Reed-Sternberg cells). |
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214. Hodgkins vs. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma: Non-Hodgkins differentiating features?
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a. May be associated w/HIV and immunosuppression.
b. Multiple, peripheral nodes. c. Extranodal involvement is common! d. Non-contiguous spread e. Majority involve B cells (except those of lymphoblastic T-cell origin). |
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215. How does presentation aside from above symptoms differ in Non-Hodgkins?
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a. Fever constitutional signs/sx.
b. Peak incidence for certain subtypes at 20-40 yrs (instead of young and old-bimodal). |
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216. Reed-Sternberg cells (KNOW DESCRIPTION)?
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a. Distinctive tumour giant cell seen in Hodgkin’s disease.
b. Binucleate or bilobed w/the 2 halves as mirror images (“owl’s eyes”) c. RS cells are CD30+ and CD15+ B-cell origin. d. Necessary but not sufficient for diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease. |
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217. Variant of RS cell?
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a. Variants include lacunar cells in nodular sclerosis variant (FM>M).
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218. 4 types of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (just to prep)?
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1. Nodular sclerosing (65-75%)
2. Mixed cellularity (25%) 3. Lymphocyte predominant (6%) 4. Lymphocyte depleted (rare) |
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219. What roughly correlates w/good prognosis w/Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
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a. ↑ lymphocyte-to-RS ratio.
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220. Nodular Sclerosing (65-75%) Hodgkin’s: RS, Lymphocyte, Prognosis?
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1. RS +
2. Lymphocyte +++ 3. Prognosis: Excellent |
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221. Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin’s features?
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a. Most common type
b. Collagen banding c. Lacunar cells d. F>M e. Primarily young adults. |
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222. Mixed Cellularity (25%) Hodgkin’s: RS, Lymphocyte, Prognosis?
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1. RS ++++
2. Lymphocyte III 3. Prognosis: Intermediate |
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223. Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin’s histo feature?
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a. Numerous RS cells.
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224. Lymphocyte predominant (6%) Hodgkin’s: RS, Lymphocyte, Prognosis?
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1. RS +
2. Lymphocyte +++ 3. Prognosis: Excellent. |
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225. In whom does Lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s typically occur?
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a. < 35 yo males.
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226. Lymphocyte depleted (rare) Hodgkin’s: RS, Lymphocyte, Prognosis?
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1. RS High relative to lymphocytes
2. Lymphocytes + 3. Poor prognosis |
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227. In whom does Lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin’s typically occur?
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a. Older male w/disseminated disease.
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