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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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201. Enzyme of Insulin receptor?
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a. Tyrosine kinase activity.
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202. Effects on liver, muscle, and fat of Insulin binding the insulin receptors (tyrosine kinase activity)?
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a. Liver: ↑ glucose stored as glycogen
b. Muscle: ↑ glycogen and protein synthesis, ↑ K+ uptake. c. Fat: aids TG storage |
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203. 3 rapid acting insulins?
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a. Lispro and aspart
b. Regular insulin |
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204. Action of NPH insulin?
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a. Intermediate
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205. 2 long acting insulins?
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a. Glargine and Detemir
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206. Clinical uses of Insulin?
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a. DM I and II, gestational diabetes
b. Life-threatening hyperkalemia c. Stress-induced hyperglycemia. |
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207. MOA of the Sulfonureas?
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a. Bind to the potassium channel and close it causing depolarization.
b. This triggers insulin release via ↑ Ca2+ influx |
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208. Clinical use of Sulfonureas?
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a. Stimulate the release of endogenous insulin in DM II.
b. Require some islet function, so useless in DM I. |
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209. 2 First generation Sulfonureas?
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a. Tolbutamide
b. Chlorpropamide |
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210. 3 Second generation Sulfonureas?
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a. Glyburide
b. Glimepiride c. Glipizide |
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211. Toxicity of First gen Sulfonureas?
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a. Disulfiram-like effects.
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212. Toxicity of Second gen Sulfonureas?
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a. Hypoglycaemia
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213. Only biguanide and its MOA?
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a. Metformin
b. Exact mechanism is unknown c. ↓ gluconeogenesis!!!!! d. ↑ glycolysis e. ↑ peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity) |
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214. Clinical use of Metformin (biguanide)?
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a. Oral
b. Can be used in pts WITHOUT islet function. |
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215. Most serious AE of Metformin!?!
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a. Lactic acidosis. So contraindicated in renal failure.
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216. 2 Glitazones/Thiazolidinediones?
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a. Pioglitazone
b. Rosiglitazone |
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217. Action of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone?
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a. ↑ Insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue.
b. Binds to PPAR-γ nuclear transcription regulator. |
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218. Clinical use of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone?
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a. Used as MONOtherapy in type 2 DM or COMBINED with above agents.
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219. AE of Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone?
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a. GI disturbances.
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220. Pramlintide?
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a. Insulin mimetic.
b. ↑’s glucagon c. Used for DM II. |
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221. AE of pramlintide?
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a. Hypoglycemia
b. Nausea c. Diarrhoea |
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222. Only GLP-1 analogue (glucagon-like peptide)?
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a. Exenatide
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223. MOA of Exenatide (a GLP-1 analogue)?
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a. ↑ Insulin and ↓ glucagon release.
b. Used in DM II. |
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224. AE of Exenatide (GLP-1 analogue)?
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a. N/V
b. Pancreatitis |
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225. What 2 drugs inhibit the organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis?
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a. Methimazole and Propylthiouracil.
b. Propylthiouracil also ↓ Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. |
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226. Clinical use of methimazole and propylthiouracil?
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a. Hyperthyroidism.
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227. AE of methimazole and propylthiouracil?
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a. Skin rash
b. Agranulocytosis (rare) c. Aplastic anaemia d. Methimazole is a possible Teratogen. e. Propylthiouracil can also cause hepatotoxicity. |
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228. MOA and clinical use of Levothyroxine and triiodothyronine?
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a. MOA: thyroxine replacement
b. Clinical use: hypothyroidism, myxedema. |
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229. AE of levothyroxine and triiodothyronine?
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a. Tachycardia
b. Heart intolerance c. Tremors d. Arrhythmias |
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230. 2 uses of GH?
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a. GH deficiency
b. Turner syndrome |
