Jeef First Aid Cardio Part 7

Front 1

173. MI complications (just to prep for following)?

Back 1

1. Cardiac arrhythmia
2. LV failure and pulmonary oedema.
3. Cardiogenic shock
4. Ventricular free wall rupture
5. Aneurysm formation
6. Postinfection Fibrinous pericarditis
7. Dressler’s syndrome

Front 2

174. Cardiac arrhythmia associated with MI?

Back 2

a. Important cause of death before reaching hospital.
b. Common in first few days.

Front 3

175. Cardiogenic shock associated with MI?

Back 3

a. Can occur w/large infarct- high risk of mortality.

Front 4

176. Ventricular free wall rupture associated with MI?

Back 4

a. Can cause:
1. Cardiac tamponade.
2. Papillary muscle rupture -> severe mitral regurg.
3. interventricular septal rupture -> VSD.

Front 5

177. Aneurysm formation associated with MI?

Back 5

a. ↓ CO
b. Risk of arrhythmia
c. Embolus from mural thrombus

Front 6

178. Postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis?

Back 6

a. Friction rub (3-4 days post-MI).

Front 7

179. Dressler’s syndrome?

Back 7

a. Autoimmune phenomenon resulting from fibrinous pericarditis (several weeks post-MI).

Front 8

180. Most Common cardiomyopathy (remember 3 types)!?!?

Back 8

a. Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy (90% of cases).

Front 9

181. Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy (90% of cases) etiologies?

Back 9

a. Chronic alcohol abuse
b. Wet Beriberi
c. Coxsackie B virus myocarditis
d. Chronic Cocaine use
e. Chagas Disease
f. Doxorubicin toxicity
g. Hemochromatosis
h. Peripartum cardiomyopathy

Front 10

182. Effects of Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy (90% of cases)?

Back 10

a. Systolic dysfunction ensues.
b. Eccentric hypertrophy (sarcomeres added in series).

Front 11

183. Findings in Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy?

Back 11

a. S3
b. Dilated heart on ultrasound
c. Balloon appearance of CXR.

Front 12

184. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Back 12

a. Hypertrophied IV septum is “too close” to mitral valve leaflet, leading to outflow tract obstruction.
b. 50% of cases are familial, autosomal dominant.
c. Cause of sudden death in young athletes.

Front 13

185. With what condition is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated?

Back 13

a. Friedreich’s ataxia.

Front 14

186. Effects of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Back 14

a. Diastolic dysfunction ensues (as opposed to systolic w/dilated).
b. Concentric hypertrophy (sarcomeres added in parallel)- that’s what it thickens.
c. Proximity of hypertrophied IV septum to mitral leaflet obstructs outflow tract, resulting in systolic murmur and syncopal episodes.

Front 15

187. Restrictive/obliterative cardiomyopathy major causes?

Back 15

1. Sarcoidosis
2. Amyloidosis
3. Postradiation fibrosis
4. endocardial fibroelastosis (thick fibroelastic tissue in endocardium of young children)
5. Loffler’s syndrome (endomyocardial fibrosis w/a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate)
6. Hemochromatosis (dilated cardiomyopathy can also occur)

Front 16

188. Type of dysfunction w/restrictive/obliterative cardiomyopathy?

Back 16

a. Diastolic dysfunction. Makes sense because its restricted and can’t fill.

Front 17

189. Liver symptoms with CHF?

Back 17

a. “Nutmeg liver”
b. ↑Central venous pressure
c. ↑ Resistance to portal flow.
d. Rarely, leads to “cardiac cirrhosis”.

Front 18

190. Cause of ankle, sacral oedema w/CHF?

Back 18

190. Cause of ankle, sacral oedema w/CHF?

Front 19

191. Cause of Jugular venous distention w/CHF?

Back 19

a. Right heart failure -↑ venous pressure.

Front 20

192. Right heart failure?

Back 20

a. Most often results from Left heart failure.
b. Isolated right heart failure is usually due to cor pulmonale.

Front 21

193. Symptoms of bacterial endocarditis?

Back 21

1. Fever (most common)
2. Roth’s spots (round white spots on retina surrounded by haemorrhage).
3. Osler’s nodes (tender raised lesions on finger and toe pads)
4. New murmur
5. Janeway lesions (small erythematous lesions on palm or sole).
6. Anaemia
7. Splinter haemorrhages on nail bed.

Front 22

194. Acute bacterial endocarditis cause?

Back 22

a. S. aureus (high virulence)
b. Large vegetations on previously normal valves.
c. Rapid onset.

Front 23

195. Subacute bacterial endocarditis cause?

Back 23

a. Viridans strep (low virulence) –pretty much only thing viridans causes.
b. Smaller vegetations on congenitally abnormal or diseased valves.
c. Sequela of dental procedures.
d. More insidious onset.

Front 24

196. Most frequently involved valve in bacterial endocarditis?

Back 24

a. Mitral valve.

Front 25

197. What is tricuspid valve endocarditis associated with?

Back 25

a. IV drug abuse.
b. Assoc with:
1. S. aureus
2. Pseudomonas
3. Candida.

Front 26

198. Complications of bacterial endocarditis?

Back 26

a. Chordae rupture
b. Glomerulonephritis
c. Suppurative pericarditis
d. Emboli.

Front 27

199. Nonbacterial endocarditis causes?

Back 27

a. 2º to:
1. Malignancy
2. Hypercoagulable state (marantic/thrombotic endocarditis)

Front 28

200. Endocarditis associated w/colon cancer?

Back 28

a. S. bovis.

Front 29

201. Endocarditis assoc. w/prosthetic valves?

Back 29

a. S. epidermis.

Front 30

202. Cause culture-negative endocarditis?

Back 30

a. HACEK organisms.