Jazz Midterm

Front 1

syncopation

Back 1

a variety of rhythms which are in some way unexpected which make part or all of a tune or piece of music off-bea

Front 2

walking bass

Back 2

a bass part in 4/4 time in which a note is played on each beat of the bar and which typically moves up and down the scale in small steps.

Front 3

rural blues

Back 3

acoustic, mainly guitar-driven forms of the blues, that mixes blues elements with characteristics of folk.

Front 4

urban blues

Back 4

eatured a male or female singer usually accompanied by a piano or whole jazz combo.

Front 5

ragtime

Back 5

i ts cardinal trait is its syncopated, or "ragged", rhythm.

Front 6

spirituals

Back 6

Christian songs that were created by African slaves in the United States

Front 7

blue note

Back 7

sung or played at a slightly different pitch than standard.

Front 8

call and response

Back 8

a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different musicians, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or response to the first.

Front 9

dixieland

Back 9

its four main influences were ragtime, military brass bands, the blues, and gospel music. 1. The usual instrumentation of a Dixieland band was (and still is) trumpet (or cornet), clarinet, trombone, piano, string bass (or tuba), drums, and banjo (or guitar).

Front 10

scat singing

Back 10

improvised jazz singing in which the voice is used in imitation of an instrument.

Front 11

stride piano

Back 11

a style of jazz piano playing in which the right hand plays the melody while the left hand plays a single bass note or octave on the strong beat and a chord on the weak beat

Front 12

boogie woogie

Back 12

a style of blues played on the piano with a strong, fast beat.

dance music

Front 13

frontline

Back 13

the musicians playing the lead parts in any particular configuration, which is everyone who is not in the rhythm section

Front 14

backline

Back 14

audio amplification equipment that stands behind the band on stage, including amplifiers for guitars, bass guitars

Front 15

head chorus

Back 15

The first (and last) chorus of a tune, in which the song or melody is stated

Front 16

swing

Back 16

Also known as the Big Band sound, Swing jazz was characterized by its strong rhythmic drive and by an orchestral ‘call and response’ between different sections of the ensemble.

Front 17

big band

Back 17

a jazz group of ten or more musicians, usually featuring at least three trumpets, two or more trombones, four or more saxophones, and a "rhythm section" of accompanists playing some combination of piano, guitar, bass, and drums.

Front 18

ostinato

Back 18

a continually repeated musical phrase or rhythm.

Front 19

riff

Back 19

a short repeated phrase, frequently played over changing chords or harmonies or used as a background to a solo improvisation

Front 20

sideman

Back 20

a professional musician who is hired to perform or record with a group of which he or she is not a regular member.

Front 21

territory bands

Back 21

dance bands that crisscrossed specific regions of the United States from the 1920s through the 1960s

Front 22

harlem renaissance

Back 22

the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place inHarlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars.

Front 23

Scott Joplin

Back 23

king of ragtime piano

Front 24

jelly roll morton

Back 24

New Orleans

Red Hot Peppers

invented jazz

Front 25

Lil Hardin

Back 25

played piano, composed, and arranged for most of the important Hot Bands from New Orleans.

Married Louis Armstrong

Front 26

Art Tatum

Back 26

best jazz pianist

stride piano

Front 27

don redman

Back 27

a pivotal figure in the development of Swing and the Big Band style Jazz

Front 28

bennie moten

Back 28

pianist

helped to establish what is called the Kansas City Jazz style

Front 29

johnny hodges

Back 29

an American alto saxophonist, best known for solo work with Duke Ellington's big band

Front 30

W.C. Handy

Back 30

Father of the blues

Front 31

bessie smith

Back 31

Nicknamed the Empress of the Blues, she was the most popular female blues singer of the 1920s and 1930s

Front 32

nick larocca

Back 32

Original Dixieland Jazz Band cornet player

Front 33

earl "fatha" hines

Back 33

at the forefront of the Hot Jazz style

differed from the stride pianists of the 1920s by breaking up the stride rhythms with unusual accents from his left hand

Front 34

Bix Beiderbecke

Back 34

first large white jazz star

cornet/piano

died young

Front 35

Duke Ellington

Back 35

composer, pianist, and bandleader of a jazz orchestra

generally considered to have elevated the perception of jazz to an art form on a par with other more traditional musical genres

Front 36

Count Basie

Back 36

the first African-American male recipient of a Grammy Award

Big Band

Front 37

Benny Goodman

Back 37

jazz and swing musician, clarinetist and bandleader, known as the "King of Swing"

first jazz concert ever at carnegie hall

Front 38

James Reese Europe

Back 38

ragtime and early jazz bandleader, arranger, and composer

Front 39

Buddy bolden

Back 39

a key figure in the development of a New Orleans style of rag-time music,

Front 40

King oliver

Back 40

He was the mentor and teacher of Louis Armstrong

Hot Jazz

Front 41

James P Johnson

Back 41

important transitional figure between ragtime and jazz piano styles. His style became known as Stride.

Front 42

Paul Whiteman

Back 42

Leader of one of the most popular dance bands in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s

bandleader, composer, orchestral director and violinist.

Front 43

Mary Lou Williams

Back 43

jazz pianist, composer, and vocalist

Williams wrote and arranged for such bandleaders as Duke Ellington and Benny Goodman, and she was friend, mentor, and teacher to Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Tadd Dameron, Dizzy Gillespie, and many others.

Front 44

lester young

Back 44

nicknamed "Pres" or "Prez"

jazz tenor saxophonistand occasional clarinetist.

a member of Count Basie's orchestra,

Front 45

billie holiday

Back 45

jazz musician and singer-songwriter

pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo. Holiday was known for her vocal delivery and improvisational skills, which made up for her limited range and lack of formal music education

Front 46

sidney bechet

Back 46

child prodigy in New Orleans.

clarinet/soprano sax

Front 47

Fats Waller

Back 47

take piano lessons from Johnson