Jazz History

Front 1

Who was the first soloist in Jazz?

Back 1

King Oliver

Front 2

Name the song that King Oliver recorded in 1923.

Back 2

Dipper Mouth Blues

Front 3

What instrument did King Oliver play?

Back 3

Cornet trumpet

Front 4

What instrument did Jelly Roll Morgan play?

Back 4

Piano

Front 5

Who was considered the most important musician of the 20th Century, and why?

Back 5

Louis Armstrong: virtuoso/progressive/innovative in harmonic vocab, tone, rhythmic feel. Most of all he was an entertainer and consequently moved jazz forward.

Front 6

Who was the first legendary Jazz Saxophonist?

Back 6

Sidney Bechet (soprano saxophone).

Front 7

Name some key characteristics of Blues:

Back 7

- 12 bars

- blue notes (flat 5th, 7th and minor 3rd) played against a major progression.

- microtonal music (tones smaller than semi-tones)

Front 8

Identify the main differences between jazz and blues.

Back 8

- Jazz is progressive, whereas blues is not.

- Group size: jazz has large ensembles e.g. Big bands. Blues has soloists and duos.

- Jazz used European harmony e.g. classical, flamenco.

Front 9

Which city did Jazz originate from?

Back 9

New Orleans.

Front 10

Which 2 major cities did jazz move to in the late teens/ early 1920s?

Back 10

NYC and Chicago.

Front 11

What year was was jazz first recorded, and which band were recorded?

Back 11

1917: Original Dixieland jazz Band (ODJB)

Front 12

What music preceded jazz? And who was the most famous artist/composer of that genre?

Back 12

Ragtime: Scott Joplin

Front 13

Who was the first white artist to influence black artists?

Back 13

Bix Beiderbeck: Cornet player

Front 14

Who was the father of jazz guitar?

Back 14

Eddie Lang

Front 15

Name 3 or more early Delta/Country Blues Artists:

Back 15

- Robert Johnson

- Blind Willy Jefferson

- Arthur 'blind' Blake

- Charlie Patton

Front 16

First significant female blues artist?

Back 16

Bessie Smith

Front 17

Which pianist studied with James P. Johnson, and influenced count basie?

Back 17

Fats Waller

Front 18

Who was considered the greatest composer in all of jazz?

Back 18

Duke Ellington

Front 19

Name 3 or more of Ellington’s compositions:

Back 19

- Mood indigo

- Cotton Tail

- Heaven

- Take the 'A' Train

Front 20

Why was Ellington’s composing held of the highest regard?

Back 20

- very large body of work (2500+ compositions)

- Innovative, progressive harmony and arranging/orchestration

Front 21

Which composer/arrnager joined Ellington’s band in 1939? Name 2 or more of his works:

Back 21

Billy Strayhorn:

- Lush Life

- Take the 'A' Train

Front 22

Who was the first African-American big band leader/arranger in NYC?

Back 22

Fletcher Henderson

Front 23

Who was the first famous tenor sax player in NYC?

Back 23

Coleman Hawkins

Front 24

Which famous jazz musician did Coleman Hawkins play alongside in NYC?

Back 24

Louis Armstrong in Fletcher Henderson's big band.

Front 25

Name 3 or more big sax players from the swing era:

Back 25

- Johnny Hodges

- Coleman Hawkins

- Lester Young

- Ben Webstar

Front 26

Who was/is the most famous jazz singer to this day?

Back 26

Billie Holiday

Front 27

State when the swing era took place:

Back 27

1935-1945

Front 28

How many bars are in a blues progression?

Back 28

12 bars.

Front 29

How many bars are in a rhythm and blues progression, what is the form, and who invented it?

Back 29

32 bar AABA form, created by George Gershwin in 1928 through the song, 'I got Rhythm'.

Front 30

Describe the Harlem Renaissance period:

Back 30

- period between 1920-1930, when Harlem was the cultural centre for all types of art e.g. music, literature, architecture. It attracted mainly AfricanAmerican communities and artists alike.

Front 31

What famous big band played 'riff jazz'?

Back 31

Count Basie's big band.

Front 32

Define Scat Singing:

Back 32

- Using the voice to imitate other instruments by using 'nonsense' words and syllables

Front 33

Define Walking bass:

Back 33

- bass notes played on all four beats in the time signature of 4/4

Front 34

Define Race Records:

Back 34

records that were played, arranged and produced by African- Americans. And also marketed towards African-Americans.

Front 35

Define blue notes:

Back 35

Notes that are played against major chord progressions. E.g. flat 5th, flat 7th, minor 3rd.

Front 36

Define Inside and outside playing:

Back 36

playing in the harmony and playing out the harmony e.g. using avoid notes (aromatic passing notes)

Front 37

Define Ring-Shout:

Back 37

A religious ritual or spiritual that was first practised by African Slaves when they were moved to the Americas.

Front 38

Define Polyphony:

Back 38

A group of lines simultaneously playing different melodic movements, to create harmony.

Front 39

Define Cross Rhythms:

Back 39

Two or more rhythms playing simultaneously e.g. 3/4 over 4/4

Front 40

Define Front Line:

Back 40

Leading sections of a New Orleans Brass parade band

Front 41

Define Second Line:

Back 41

People who aren't playing in the brass band but are their to participate in the musical experience. Usually stand at the back of the parade band.

Front 42

Define Antiphony:

Back 42

A form of musical utterance or call & response. Can usually be heard in choirs, New Orleans jazz bands etc.

Front 43

Define Improvisation:

Back 43

A form of arranging, composing, expressing on the spot without any previous preparation. It is "composition at light speed" (Glenn Alexander, 2016)

Front 44

Name the great female pianist in Armstrong’s hot 5/ hot 7:

Back 44

Lil Hardin Armstrong

Front 45

Name one great female pianist from the 1930’s:

Back 45

Marylou Williams

Front 46

Name one famous female group from the 1930s:

Back 46

International sweethearts of Rhythm