Jazz Final

Front 1

rubato

Back 1

an elastic approach to rhythm in which musicians speed up and slow down for expressive purposes, rubato makes musical time unpredictable and more flexible

Front 2

chord cluster

Back 2

dissonant chords with closely spaced notes

Front 3

modalism

Back 3

a style of jazz devised in the 1950s that relied heavily on modal improvisation

Front 4

arrangment

Back 4

composed scores for big bands, with individual parts for each musician

Front 5

Historicism

Back 5

the theory that artistic works do not rise independently of history but must be understood in relation

Front 6

free improvisation

Back 6

improvisation in an atonal context, where the focus shifts from harmony to other dimensions of music; timbre, melodic intervals, rhythm, and the interaction between musicians

Front 7

ballad

Back 7

a slow, romantic popular song, or a long early type of folk song that narrated a bit of local history

Front 8

atonal

Back 8

music with no key center

Front 9

Birth Of Cool

Back 9

a miles davis album

Front 10

quartal harmonies

Back 10

chords built using the interval of a fourth (rather than a thrid)

Front 11

outside

Back 11

improvising outside the structure of a tonal harmonic progression

Front 12

avant-garde jazz

Back 12

a modernist style of jazz exploring new methods that radically oppose existing traditions; among the elements of jazz undermined by the avant-garde are rhythm, harmony, melody, structure, instrumentation, manner of presentation, and politics

Front 13

Voicing chords

Back 13

distributing the notes of a chord on a piano, or to different instruments in an arragement

Front 14

A Love Supreme

Back 14

John Coltrane

Front 15

Bitches Brew

Back 15

Miles Davis

Front 16

Kind of Blue

Back 16

Miles Davis

Front 17

The Shape of Jazz to Come

Back 17

Ornette Coleman

Front 18

Free Jazz

Back 18

Ornette Coleman

Front 19

Giant Steps

Back 19

John Coltrane

Front 20

Wes Montgomery

Back 20

Twisted Blues
hard bop

Front 21

Miles Davis

Back 21

So What
Modal

Front 22

Thelonius Monk Quartet

Back 22

Rhythm-a-Ning
Hard Bop

Front 23

Ornette Coleman

Back 23

Lonely Woman
Free Jazz

Front 24

John Coltrane

Back 24

Giant Steps
Post-Modern

Front 25

Miles Davis Nonet

Back 25

Moon Dreams
Cool Jazz

Front 26

Horace Silver

Back 26

The Preacher
Hard Bop

Front 27

Miles Davis Quintet

Back 27

E.S.P
Postmodern

Front 28

Cecil Taylor

Back 28

Bulbs
Free Jazz

Front 29

Charles Mingus

Back 29

Boogie Stop Shuffle
Hard Bop

Front 30

Weather Report

Back 30

Teen Town
Jazz Rock Fusion

Front 31

Hard Bop

Back 31

comes from bebop, complex chord changes, mixes with bebop and gospel,

Front 32

cool

Back 32

Miles Davis the birth of jazz, chord changes like bebop but lacks intensity

Front 33

free jazz

Back 33

too modal one step farther, based on solos and no structure, solos became the melodies, played off of other players, sometimes an angry feel

Front 34

modal jazz

Back 34

an extension of theories from George Russells The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organizations for Improvisation, slower chord changes and freed up soloist to improvise more based on scales rather than rapidly changing chords in bebop

Front 35

Lydian Chromatic Concept...

Back 35

book written by George Russell

Front 36

sheets of sound

Back 36

term used to describe John Coltrane's technique, plays with sheets of sound

Front 37

postmoderism

Back 37

jazz after the modern era,

Front 38

free improvisation

Back 38

improvised music without rules beyond the taste or inclination of the musicians involved

Front 39

unit structures

Back 39

album by Cecil Taylor

Front 40

aleatoric

Back 40

music where some element of the composition is left to chance, or some primary element of composed work's realization is left to the determination of its performers

Front 41

Polytonal

Back 41

use of more than one key simultaneously

Front 42

mixed meter

Back 42

music that has multiple meters throughout the piece

Front 43

extended techniques

Back 43

used to describe unconventional, unorthodox, or non-traditional techniques of singing or playing of an instrument

Front 44

overdub

Back 44

a technique used by recording studios to add supplementary recorded sound to a previously recorded performance

Front 45

Hammond Organ

Back 45

electric organ, invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934, became a standard keyboard instrument for jazz

Front 46

Third Stream

Back 46

invented by George Russel to fuse classical music with jazz in the mid 1950s. Improvisational with structure

Front 47

Free Jazz

Back 47

took the concepts of modal jazz one step farther, no structure, solo is the melody

Front 48

plagal cadence

Back 48

a chord progression where the subdominant chord is followed by the tonic.