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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What event signified the beginning of the Big Band Era?
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Benny Goodman leaves his radio show in 1934 & starts touring.
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What made Swing Jazz such desirable music in the 1930's?
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To take mind off of Depression, music to dance to
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Why did Dixieland music die out in the late 1920s?
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Dixieland instruments couldn't satisfy the large ballrooms. The Depression - people didn't have money for live entertainment.
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What was Count Basie's first professional debut for?
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Accompanist for Vaudeville Acts
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In 1928, Count Basie became a member of the Walter Page _______.
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Blue Devils
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What famous trombonist had a stint with Count Basie's Band?
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J.J. Johnson
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What did Duke Ellington call his music rather than Jazz?
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American Music
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Duke Ellington did not consider himself a musician. What did he consider himself to be?
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Composer & Arranger
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What was the name of the first song that Duke Ellington wrote?
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Soda Fountain rag
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What arranger did Tommy Dorsey hire in 1939 that composed two of their signature songs?
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Sy Oliver
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Who recorded over 80 recordings with Tommy Dorsey?
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Frank Sinatra
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Who appeared on the "Stage Show" for his first national appearance in 1956?
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Elvis Presley (Tommy & Jimmy Dorsey hosted the Stage Show.)
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In the big band era, the _______ becomes important. Individual _______ were also important (Basie).
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arranger, soloists
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Who was the King of Swing?
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Benny Goodman
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Count Basie had a unique piano style and helped develop _______ along with Nat King Cole.
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comping
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Count Basie used _______, change in _______, and was influenced by _______ from stride.
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silences, dynamics, Fats Waller
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Another artist influenced by Fats Waller was _______.
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Duke Ellington
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When conditions got tough all of the artist broke off into smaller groups except for _______.
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Duke Ellington
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The _______ Band still tours today.
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Basie
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_______ had a sweet sound, and one of the best things he did was hire Frank Sinatra.
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Tommy Dorsey
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What was Frank Sinatra's nickname?
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Ole Blue Eyes
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Swing Era - The instrumentation of Big Bands included:
_______ _______ _______ Piano, bass, drums, and guitar (optional) |
5 saxes, 4 trumpets, 4 trombones
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During the Swing (Big Band) era, the _______ becomes very important, organizes instrumental colors, textures, and _______.
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arranger, countermelodies
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During the Big Band Era, most bands had _______ arrangements that were unchanged from performance to performance.
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written-out
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During the swing (big band) era, the function of music was _______.
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dancing
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In swing (big band) era, _______ notes were emphasized.
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eighth
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During the swing (big band) era, the rhythm section approached changes such as the _______ cymbal pattern being introduced, ______, and _______ bass.
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ride hat, comping, walking
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During the swing (big band) era, _______ becomes very important. Record sales had to be 3 minute tunes made to fit juke boxes, which meant recording companies were beginning to exercise control over musical creation & performance.
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Recording
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music which is usually written down or at least preserved essentially unchanged from performance to performance (harmonies, rhythms, form, solos, length) (Swing)
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arrangement
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A collaborative memorized composition sometimes created "on the spot" (used by Basie & Ellington) (Swing)
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head arrangement
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A phrase that is repeated over changing harmonies. The Basie Band was famous for compositions based on this concept. (Swing)
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riff
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During the swing era, many of the same tunes were _______ and played by different bands.
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arranged
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Who was the early big band leader who was the FIRST to group like instruments as individual sections in a band, and used a modern day big band set up?
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Fletcher Henderson
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What band can take much of the credit for the popularity & beginnings of the Swing Era?
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Fletcher Henderson
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A _______ features one section of the band (trombone/sax/trumpet). (Swing)
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soli
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The climax, loudest part of the composition is known as the _______ section. (Swing)
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shout
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During the twenties, big name bands stayed close to NY or Chicago to record and play but this period also spawned hundreds of "_______" bands.
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territory
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Groups that developed their own sounds, mixing national & regional musical elements in regional areas away from large cities are known as _______ bands. (Swing/Big Band)
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territory
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An example of a territory band:
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Bennie Moten's KC Band
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The _______ Swing Style was a style characterized by musical sections based on the blues & using the riff concept as the functional orchestration.
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KC
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William "Count" Basie took over the _______ band. He developed the idea of _______. His solos incorporated _______ & soft, high-_______ playing.
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Moten, comping, silence, register
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William "Count" Basie had great _______ contrasts in his bands.
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dynamic
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Basie retained the same four members of his rhythm section for a long period of time and the rhythm section was known as the _______ Rhythm Section.
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All-American
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Drummer for Count Basie's band
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Jo Jones
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Bass player for Count Basie's band
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Walter Page
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Guitar player for Count Basie's band
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Freddie Green
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What instrument did Count Basie play?
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piano
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Freddie Green who played rhythm guitar for Count Basie's Band was nicknamed _______.
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Father Time
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Basie recruited top soloists in his band such as _______ who was nicknamed _______.
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Lester Young, The Prez
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What instrument did Edward "Duke" Ellington play?
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piano
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Duke Ellington (swing) was a _______, _______, and _______. Which was most important to him?
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composer, arranger, bandleader
COMPOSER |
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Duke Ellington (swing) was musically absorbed with _______. He wrote for the individual talents of the players in his bands. He expanded the harmonic vocabulary of Jazz by using new _______ recordings, _______, and placing _______ in the lower sounding instruments.
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composition, voice, textures, melodies
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Duke Ellington (swing) wrote highly _______ and _______ compositions.
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tailored, individualized
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Duke Ellington (swing) elevated jazz composition to a high level through use of complex _______, _______ music, and _______ music.
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forms, concert, sacred
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Duke Ellington used many _______ arrangements in his early music that were on the spot, nonwritten.
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head
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Duke Ellington developed a musical partnership with composer/arranger _______.
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Billy Strayhorn
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A compositional period of Duke Ellington's that was characterized by growling sounds, vocalisms in instruments, music painted jungle pictures. Came about in Harlem.
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Jungle Music
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A compositional period of Duke Ellington's were colors were important, dark sounds.
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Mood Music
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A compositional period of Duke Ellington's that was characterized by tunes, which became popular & standard in the Jazz repertoire. Often AABA
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Standards
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A compositional period of Duke Ellington's that included compositions featuring one particular soloist.
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Concertos
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A compositional period of Duke Ellington's that included suites of compositions, sacred concerts, ballet score.
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Extended works
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large composition composed of separate tithed movements
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suite
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Benny Goodman was known as the _______ of Swing.
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King
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What instrument was Benny Goodman classically trained to play?
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clarinet
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Who during the swing era established technical standards on clarinet for all future jazz clarinetists?
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Benny Goodman
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Benny Goodman played advanced _______ clarinet. He convinced people that _______ was a viable style.
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solo, swing
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Who presented the FIRST Jazz Concert at NY's Carnegie Hall?
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Benny Goodman
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Who was the first white bandleader to integrate black musicians in his band? He began to break down the segregation barrier in music.
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Benny Goodman
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A trumpet player in Benny Goodman's band
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Harry James
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A drum player for Benny Goodman
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Gene Krupa
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Gene Krupa, a drum player for Benny Goodman (swing), brought drums into the _______ spotlight. He developed the _______ style of drumming, utilizing _______.
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solo, ballad, brushes
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Benny Goodman was involved in movies with _______.
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Armstrong
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Bebop is based around _______.
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harmony
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The goal of bebop was to get rid of _______ musicians.
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mediocre
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The Modern Jazz Age: _______
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Bebop
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Some of the characteristics of bebop include: new, _______ music taking place at after-hour jam sessions. It was a revolution against the confines of the _______ era.
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experimental, swing
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Where was Bebop played?
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NYC 52nd Street, Minton's Playhouse, Monroe's Uptown Club
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What instrument did Charlie Parker play?
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alto sax
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What instrument did Dizzy Gillespie play?
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trumpet
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What instrument did Thelonius Monk play?
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piano
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What instrument did Kelly Clarke play?
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drums
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Swing used a _______ ensemble while bebop used a _______ with trumpet & alto.
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large, quintet
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Swing emphasized _______, while bebop had extended _______ space.
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arrangements, solo
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Swing generally had _______ tempos, while bebop generally had _______ tempos.
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moderate, fast
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Swing used _______ harmonies/chords, while bebop was complex and _______.
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warm, dissonant
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Swing had smooth, _______ rhythms, unpredictable, rhythms while bebop was _______.
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danceable, jumpy
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Swing was very _______: for entertainment, dancing, and the glamorous image, while bebop was not a _______ success. It was an art, and we still hear parts of it today, but bebop was _______ both the music & the musicians that played it.
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popular, commercial, outcasts
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Bebop used extended harmonies, known as _______.
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tritone
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Bebop had a _______ line that had a _______ melody.
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front, unison
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In bebop, _______ tempos were commonplace, "cutting contents", great technique was needed to play this style.
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fast
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Bebop used _______, where they erased the original melody & came up with their own.
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contrafacts
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_______ were prevalent in the era, cultish following.
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Drugs
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There was no duplication of function in the _______ section during the bebop area.
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rhythm
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During the bebop era, the drums and piano were a team of rhythmic accents called _______.
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bombs
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During the bebop area, _______ had extensive interaction with the rhythm section.
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soloists
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Charlie Parker was a _______ native.
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KCK
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Charlie Parker, a player during the bebop era, revolutionized the direction of jazz and what could be technically performed on _______. He influenced all jazz musicians, regardless of _______.
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alto sax, instrument
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Charlie Parker's nickname (bebop)
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Bird
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For players and fans of bop (bebop), _______ has nearly the status of a god.
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Charlie Parker (Bird)
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Charlie Parker had a partnership with _______. (bebop)
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Dizzy Gillespie
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Charlie Parker (bebop) was not recognized and understood during his lifetime, but is now critically acclaimed. He suffered from _______ addiction; many other boppers followed suit. He pawned his sax for drugs, relied on loans.
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heroin
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What instrument did Charlie Parker play?
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alto sax
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Charlie Parker's (bebop) playing characteristics included:very _______ player, comfortable at both _______ and _______ tempi.
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soulful, fast, slow
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Charlie Parker's (bebop) playing characteristics included: master of _______ development, rhythmic _______, double time, etc, extensive use of _______ and chord _______.
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motivic, innovator, chromaticism, substitutions
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What was Charlie Parker's favorite recording that was criticized by critics who accused him of selling out?
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Charlie Parker with Strings
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Charlie Parker died at age _______
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35
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John Birks (Dizzy) Gillespie played what instrument?
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trumpet
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Who was a good-humored spokesman for bebop?
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Dizzy Gillespie
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Who was an innovator of bebop on 52nd St. with Charlie Parker?
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Dizzy Gillespie
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Who was the leader of the only successful bebop big band?
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Dizzy Gillespie
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Who was the first to blend Jazz with Latin American music?
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Dizzy Gillespie
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Dizzy Gillespie was the first to blend Jazz with Latin American Music, known as _______.
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cubop
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Some of Dizzy Gillespie's trademarks were: big _______, great teacher and ambassador of jazz (_______-free).
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cheeks, drug
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Who was the first musician to take a band of mixed color musicians on tour for the U.S. State Department?
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Dizzy Gillespie
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Who during the bebop era appeared on the cover of Time Magazine?
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Thelonius Monk
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Cool Jazz was also known as _______ coast jazz.
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west
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Cool Jazz had a _______ tempo, _______ dynamics, and returned to _______ musical elements.
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slow, softer, classical
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_______ Jazz is a restrained Chamber music, conservative & understated.
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Cool
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Cool Jazz was a chamber music and was sometimes referred to as _______ music.
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classical
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Cool Jazz was located mainly on the _______ Coast and was played by young, _______ musicians.
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West, white
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Cool Jazz employed _______ instruments such as the _______, _______ and _______.
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orchestral, french horn, flute, tuba
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Who had the first cool jazz album?
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Miles Davis
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What was the name of the first Cool Jazz Album?
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Birth of the Cool - Miles Davis
(french horn, tuba, flutes) |
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Who was an arranger during the Cool Jazz Era (Birth of the Cool)?
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Gil Evans
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Who played baritone sax on Birth of the Cool?
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Gerry Mulligan
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Some other characteristics of cool jazz were understated _______, _______ register employed, _______ approach, delicate _______, less _______.
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improvisation, middle, melodic, attacks, vibrato
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During cool jazz, _______ and _______ were emphasized.
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compositions and arrangements
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Who was a quintessential jazz chamber group, where subtle interplay & sophistication was very important to the band and their music?
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Modern Jazz Quartet (cool jazz)
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The four instruments used by the Modern Jazz Quartet:
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piano, bass, vibes, drums
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The MJQ used adaptions of _______ works & techniques in their style. They had performances at major concert halls, a high artistic level, and the same members for 40+ years.
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classical
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_______ Jazz was the first of many styles in which Miles Davis had a great influence upon.
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Cool
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_______ collaborated with arranger, Gil Evans on landmark recording, Birth of the Cool, 1950.
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Miles Davis
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What was the first album labeled as cool Jazz, and was marked by an interesting combo of instruments & sonorities?
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Birth of the Cool
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Who brought the baritone sax into prominence as a solo instrument?
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Gerry Mulligan
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Miles Davis & _______ collaborated on many projects.
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Gil Evans
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Dave Brubeck was a _______ and a _______.
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pianist, composer
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Dave Brubeck (cool jazz) experimented and was successful using _______ & alternating _______ meters in his compositions.
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odd, mixed
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An alto sax player featured in the Dave Brubeck Quartet that had an unmistakable light, airy sound.
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Paul Desmond
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Who co-led a piano-less quartet with saxophonist Gerry Mulligan and was also featured with Charlie Parker?
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Chet Baker
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What instrument did Chet Baker play?
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trumpet
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Chet Baker was an extremely _______ player, with _______ good-looks.
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melodic, Hollywood
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Chet Baker was equally heralded as _______.
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vocalist
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Chet Baker fell to the temptations of _______ and led a tragic life.
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drugs
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Who was a popular tenor saxophonist (cool jazz) that earned his reputation with the Woody Herman big band?
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Stan Getz
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Stan Getz, a tenor saxophonist, was a _______ improvisor, and had a beautiful tone. He collaborated with ________ composer, Antonio Carlos Jobim, and vocalist Joao Gilberto.
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melodic, Brasilian
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Who is credited with bringing the bossa nova to jazz?
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Stan Getz
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Who brought even eighth notes to jazz?
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Stan Getz
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Jazz that uses musical modes rather than chord progressions as a harmonic framework (Miles Davis)
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modal jazz
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One of the best selling jazz albums of all-time that featured all star musicians such as John Coltrane, Cannonball Adderly, and Bill Evans
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Kind of Blue
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When was the Cool Jazz Era popular mainstream?
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1949-1955
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What group coined the term Cool Jazz?
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record companies
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What instrument was Dave Brubeck famous for playing?
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The piano
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What year was Dave Brubeck on the cover of Time Magazine?
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1954
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What name was Chet Baker known as?
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Prince of Cool Jazz
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What did Chet Baker lose in 1966?
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his teeth
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What state was Miles Davis born in?
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Illinois
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Where did Miles Davis tour in 1949?
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Paris, France
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Who established the Modern Jazz Quartet?
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Milton Jackson
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What was the Modern Jazz Quartet's most popular hit?
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Django
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