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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Timbre
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quality of sound, or tone color
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mutes
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physical devies inserted into the bell of the instrument to distort the sound coming out
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timbre variation
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the use of unusual sounds for expressive purposes
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wind instruments
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instruments that produce sound by moving air
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rhythm section
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the accompaniment to the soloist
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vibrato
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a slight wobble in pitch that wind players produce
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embouchure
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the shaping and positioning of the lips and other facial muscles
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overtone
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higher pitches caused by secondary vibrations of the main sound wave
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straight mute
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quiets the sound without too much distortion
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cup mute
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further attenuates the sound while rounding it out
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harmon mute
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created a highly concentrated sound
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plunger mute
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adjusts sound so expertly that it resembles human speech
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half-valving
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depressing one or more of the valves only half way
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shake
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a quick trill between notes that mimics a wide vibrato
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glissando/smear
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seamlessly glide from one note to another
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pizzicato
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plucking the strings with their fingers
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congas
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tall drums of equal height but different diameters, with the smaller one assigned lead role
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dynamics
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indicates volume
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tempo
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speed or pulse rhythm
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free rhythm
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can speed it up or slow it down or even stop it altogether
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cadenza
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classical music word for an unaccompanied passage of brilliant virtuosity
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cadenza
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begins with a basic pulse, four even beats, but then nothing is that simple again, then returns to a steady, calm pulsation
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rubato
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the familiar melody sometimes speeds up and sometimes slows down
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meter
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patterns of pulses
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duple meter
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beats are grouped into patterns of twos or fours
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measure/bar
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a rhythmic unit lasting from one downbeat to the next
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downbeat
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the place where we agree to begin counting
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rhythmic layers
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highly individualized parts that contrast with one another, even as they serve to create a unified whole
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polyrhythm
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simultaneous use of contrasting rhythms
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foundation layers
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continuous, unchanging patterns whose very repetition provides a framework for the whole
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call and response
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the call is immediately answered by a response
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syncopation
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every time a strong accent contradicts the basic meter
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groove
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combine four beat rhythm in the bass and cymbal with a backbeat
--overall rhythmic frameowkr within which rhythmic things happen |
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swing
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a jazz-specific feeling created by rhythmic contrast within a particular rhythmic framework
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chromatic scale
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twelve notes in an octave
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octave
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two notes with the same letter name; one pitch has a frequency precisely twice the other
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