Javma 2007

Front 1

A case-control study of the effects of nephrolithiasis in cats with chronic kidney disease

Back 1

Results suggested that in cats with mild or moderate chronic kidney disease, nephrolithiasis was not associated with an increase in mortality rate or in the rate of disease progression. Findings support recommendations that cats with severe kidney disease and nephrolithiasis be managed without surgery.

Front 2

Acute pulmonary hemorrhage during isoflurane anesthesia in two cats exposed to toxic black mold (Stachybotrys chartarum)

Back 2

Both cats died due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Subsequently, it was discovered that the home was severely contaminated with mold as a result of storm damage that had oc- curred approximately 7 months previously. Retrospective analysis of banked serum from the cats revealed satratoxin G, a biomarker for Stachybotrys chartarum, commonly referred to as “toxic black mold.”

Front 3

Adverse events after vaccine administration in cats: 2,560 Cases (2002-2005)

Back 3

Although overall VAAE rates were low, young adult neutered cats that received multiple vaccines per office visit were at the greatest risk of a VAAE within 30 days after vaccination. Veterinarians should incorporate these findings into risk communications and limit the number of vaccinations administered concurrently to cats.

Front 4

Adverse reactions suggestive of type III hypersensitivity in six healthy dogs given human albumin

Back 4

In the dog with signs of immediate hypersensitivity, signs resolved after administration of human albumin solution was discontinued and diphenhydramine was administered.

Supportive treatment was provided after dogs developed signs of a delayed adverse reaction. Four dogs recovered, but 2 dogs died despite treatment. All 6 dogs were found to have antihuman albumin antibodies.

Front 5

Anatomic distribution and electrophysiologic properties of accessory atrioventricular pathways in dogs

Back 5

Results suggested that in dogs, most APs are right- sided, had unidirectional retrograde conduction, and are associated with various arrhythmias, including orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia and atrial fibrillation without evidence of pre-excitation.

Front 6

Assessment of anemia as an independent predictor of response to chemotherapy and survival in dogs with lymphoma: 96 cases (1993-2006)

Back 6

These findings suggested that anemia is a negative prognostic factor for dogs with lymphoma that are undergoing chemotherapy.

Front 7

Association of microalbuminuria and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio with systemic disease in cats

Back 7

Microalbuminuria was associated with underlying disease.

Sensitivity and specificity of the microalbuminuria assays for detection of systemic disease were superior to those of other tests.

Microalbuminuria testing in conjunction with other screening procedures may increase identification of occult disease.

A prospective study evaluating the predictive values of screening tests with and without microalbuminuria determination is needed to validate this recommendation.

Front 8

Blanket and flank sucking in Doberman Pinschers

Back 8

Blanket and flank sucking are apparently related conditions that can occur with sufficient intensity to cause medical sequelae. These non-nutritive suckling behaviors share similarities with other canine compulsive disorders and are associated with pica.

Veterinarians should advise owners that flank and blanket sucking are abnormal, potentially harmful behaviors in dogs.

Treatment should be considered for severely affected dogs or when flank or blanket sucking is associated with medical problems.

Front 9

Causes for discharge of military working dogs from service: 268 cases (2000-2004)

Back 9

The proportion of adult dogs < 5 years old at discharge that were German Shepherd Dogs (69.4%) was significantly greater than the proportion of adult dogs ≥ 5 years old at discharge that were German Shepherd Dogs (38.1%). Within the subgroup of dogs ≥ 5 years old at discharge, median age at discharge for the German Shepherd Dogs (8.59 years) was significantly less than median age at discharge for the Belgian Malinois (10.61 years).

For adult dogs < 5 years old at discharge, the most common cause for discharge was behavioral problems (82.3%)

Front 10

Cerebral Blastomyces dermatitidis infection in a cat

Back 10

No evidence of systemic disease was noted in this cat, only brain involvement. Amphotericin B (0.25 mg/kg [0.11 mg/lb], IV) was administered on alternate days (cumulative dose, 1.75 mg/kg [0.8 mg/lb]). To minimize the risk of nephro- toxicosis, assessments of serum biochemical variables (urea nitrogen and creatinine con- centrations) and urinalyses were performed at intervals. The third dose of amphotericin B was postponed 48 hours because the cat became azotemic. The cat subsequently received fluconazole (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for 5.5 months.

Six months after discontinuation of that treatment, the cat appeared healthy and had no signs of relapse.

Front 11

Chronic nasal discharge in cats: 75 Cases (1993-2004)

Back 11

Although advanced diagnostic testing, including imaging studies and biopsy, increases the likelihood of achieving an etiologic diagnosis, the cause of chronic nasal discharge in cats often remains elusive.

Front 12

Clinical and immunohistochemical differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from leiomyosarcomas in dogs: 42 Cases (1990-2003)

Back 12

In dogs, many previously diagnosed GILMSs should be reclassified as GISTs on the basis of results of immunohistochemical staining. The biological behavior of these tumors appears to be different.

Median survival times for dogs with GISTs and GILMSs were 11.6 and 7.8 months, respectively.

Front 13

Clinical assessment of repeated propofol-associated anesthesia in cats

Back 13

Results indicated that repeated propofol-associated short-duration anesthesia does not lead to clinically relevant hematologic changes in cats undergoing short-duration radiotherapy.

Front 14

Clinical characteristics and mode of inheritance of familial focal seizures in Standard Poodles

Back 14

Results suggested that in this family of Standard Poodles, Probable Idiopathic Epilepsy was inherited as a simple recessive autosomal trait with complete or almost complete penetrance. Seizures often had focal, as opposed to generalized, onsets, and it was not uncommon for seizures to begin after 5 years of age.

Front 15

Clinical features and heritability of hypoadrenocorticism in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers: 25 Cases (1994-2006)

Back 15

In NSDTRs, hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed at an earlier age, compared with published reports of age at diagnosis among the general dog population. Among the study dogs, 32% had no serum electrolyte abnormalities at the time of diagnosis, and the disease appeared to have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in the breed.

Front 16

Clinical signs, treatments, and outcome in cats with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: 20 Cases (1990-2004)

Back 16

The median age at diagnosis of TCC was 15.2 years. The trigone region was affected in 9 cats. Treatments included piroxicam administration, chemotherapy, or surgery as single interventions or in combination; 6 cats were not treated. At the time of diagnosis, 3 cats had pulmonary metastasis and 1 cat had metastasis to local lymph nodes. Median survival time for all 20 cats was 261 days. Nearly all deaths were attributable to progressive disease in the urinary tract. Five cats were lost to follow-up.

Front 17

Cluster of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a small animal intensive care unit

Back 17

Methicillin-resistant S aureus is an emerging problem in veterinary medicine. Intensive care units may be at particular risk for periodic outbreaks of colonization and disease. The outbreak of this report highlights the potential for clinically inapparent transmission of MRSA within a facility; infection-control measures that might facilitate MRSA eradication should be considered in ICU settings.

Front 18

Community-acquired infectious pneumonia in puppies: 65 Cases (1993-2002)

Back 18

Results suggested that a type of community-acquired infectious pneumonia could be identified in dogs < 1 year old, with disease being more severe in dogs with Bordetella pneumonia than in dogs with pneumonia caused by other bacterial organisms.

Front 19

Comparison of classic hypoadrenocorticism with glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 46 Cases (1985-2005)

Back 19

GDH was more common than reported in a referral hospital population of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism.

Absence of a stress leukogram in dogs with signs of illness (especially relating to the gastrointestinal tract) warrants further investigation.

Most dogs with primary cortisol deficiency do not develop mineralocorticoid deficiency.

Front 20

Comparison of serologic evaluation via agar gel immunodiffusion and fungal culture of tissue for diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis in dogs

Back 20

Results suggest that seropositivity for Aspergillus spp and identification of Aspergillus spp in cultures of nasal tissue are highly suggestive of nasal aspergillosis in dogs; however, negative test results do not rule out nasal aspergillosis.

Front 21

Comparison of three methods of temperature measurement in hypothermic, euthermic, and hyperthermic dogs

Back 21

Among the 3 methods of temperature measurement, rectal thermometry provided the most accurate estimation of core body temperature in dogs.

Front 22

Computed tomographic appearance of masticatory myositis in dogs: 7 cases (1999-2006)

Back 22

Results suggested that CT may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of masticatory myositis in dogs, including selection of sites for diagnostic muscle biopsy.

Front 23

Correlation of ultrasonographic appearance of lesions and cytologic and histologic diagnoses in splenic aspirates from dogs and cats: 32 Cases (2002-2005)

Back 23

Ultrasound-guided aspiration of splenic lesions is a minimally invasive tool for obtaining specimens for cytologic evaluation. Although cytologic diagnoses often reflect histologic results, if missampling or incomplete sampling occurs or tissue architecture is required to distinguish between reactive and neoplastic conditions, accurate diagnosis with fine-needle aspiration may not be possible.

Front 24

Day-to-day variability of blood glucose concentration curves at home in cats with diabetes mellitus

Back 24

Considerable day-to-day variability was detected in BGCs generated at home. Cats with good glycemic control may have more reproducible curves generated during blood collection at home than cats with poorer control.

Front 25

Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in two dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis

Back 25

One of the two dogs in the study recovered after doxy administration. The other had azithromycin, doxy, and a tapering dose of prednisone started at 3 mg/kg/day and tapered by 25% every 2 weeks.

B henselae is implicated as a possible cause or a cofactor in the development of pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in dogs. In dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis, immunofluorescent assays may not detect antibodies against B henselae.

Molecular testing, including PCR assay of affected tissues, may provide an alternative diagnostic method for detection of B henselae DNA in pyogranulomatous lymph nodes.

Front 26

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts in cat feces and estimates of the environmental oocyst burden

Back 26

Despite the low prevalence and short duration of T gondii oocyst shedding by cats detected in the present and former surveys, the sheer numbers of oocysts shed by cats during initial infection could lead to substantial environmental contamination. Veterinarians may wish to make cat owners aware of the potential threats to human and wildlife health posed by cats permitted to defecate outdoors.

Front 27

Diagnostic imaging findings and endocrine test results in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism that did or did not have neurologic abnormalities: 157 cases (1989-2005)

Back 27

Results suggested that there was no apparent relationship between a pituitary tumor and development of neurologic abnormalities in dogs with PDH. In addition, neurologic abnormalities in dogs with pituitary macrotumors were often vague (ie, lethargy, inappetence, and mental dullness).

Front 28

Diagnostic use of cytologic examination of bone marrow from dogs with thrombocytopenia: 58 Cases (1994-2004)

Back 28

Cytologic examination of bone marrow is unlikely to provide specific diagnostic or prognostic information in dogs with severe thrombocytopenia.

Front 29

Dietary patterns of cats with cardiac disease

Back 29

Dietary intake in cats with cardiac disease was variable, but results for dietary supplement use, food use for medication administration, and treat feeding were different from those found in a similar study of dogs with cardiac disease. This information may be useful for treating and designing nutritional studies for cats with cardiac disease.

Front 30

Effect of vaccination on parvovirus antigen testing in kittens

Back 30

Animal shelter veterinarians should select fecal tests for parvovirus detection that have high sensitivity for FPV and low frequency of vaccine-related test interference.

Positive parvovirus test results should be interpreted in light of clinical signs, vaccination history, and results of confirmatory testing.

Despite the possibility of test interference, the benefit provided by universal MLV FPV vaccination of cats in high-risk environments such as shelters outweighs the impact on diagnostic test accuracy.

Front 31

Effects of preadoption counseling for owners on house-training success among dogs acquired from shelters

Back 31

Results have suggested that brief preadoption counseling for owners enhances successful house-training of dogs adopted from shelters. Counseling owners at the time of pet acquisition may thus have beneficial effects in the prevention of inappropriate elimination behaviors. Veterinarians and animal care staff should be encouraged to devote time to counsel new pet owners on successful house-training, as well as other healthcare and behavioral needs.

Front 32

Efficacy of temozolomide or dacarbazine in combination with an anthracycline for rescue chemotherapy in dogs with lymphoma

Back 32

Both combinations had promise in the treatment of dogs with relapsed or refractory lymphoma, although administration of temozolomide was more convenient than administration of dacarbazine and caused fewer hematologic toxicoses.

Front 33

Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 Cases (1997-2004)

Back 33

The overall median survival time was significantly longer in dogs treated with splenectomy and epirubicin (144 days), compared with splenectomy alone (86 days). Median survival time for dogs with stage I disease (345 days) was significantly longer than for dogs with either stage II (93 days) or III disease (68 days).

Seven of 18 dogs treated with epirubicin were hospitalized for signs of adverse gastrointestinal effects.

Inappetence, long duration of clinical signs, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and high mitotic rate were negative prognostic factors.

Front 34

Evaluation of buffy coat smears for circulating mast cells in healthy cats and ill cats without mast cell tumor-related disease

Back 34

Circulating mast cells were not identified in clinically normal cats or ill cats without mast cell tumor–related disease.

The absence of mast cells in buffy coats obtained from clinically normal and ill cats lends support to the current practice of buffy coat evaluation for tumor staging and follow-up examinations in cats with mast cell tumors.

Further studies of buffy coat analysis in cats with different forms of mast cell tumors are indicated to specifically elucidate the test’s prognostic value for those patients.

Front 35

Evaluation of cisplatin administered with Piroxicam in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Back 35

Because of minimal efficacy and associated renal and gastrointestinal toxicosis, administration of cisplatin (40 to 50 mg/m2) with piroxicam cannot be recommended for treatment of dogs with TCC of the urinary bladder.

Front 36

Evaluation of clinical status, renal function, and hematopoietic variables after unilateral nephrectomy in canine kidney donors

Back 36

Renal and hematopoietic variables were within reference ranges in dogs examined up to 2.5 years after unilateral nephrectomy. Compensatory renal hypertrophy was greatest in dogs < 1 year of age at donation.

Donor age, along with histocompatability, may be an important factor in selecting dogs for kidney donation.

Front 37

Evaluation of electroacupuncture treatment for thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease in dogs

Back 37

Electroacupuncture combined with standard Western medical treatment was effective and resulted in shorter time to recover ambulation and deep pain perception than did use of Western treatment alone in dogs with signs of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease.

Front 38

Evaluation of four point-of-care meters for rapid determination of blood lactate concentrations in dogs

Back 38

Despite its prognostic and therapeutic relevance, blood lactate measurement in dogs has been hampered by the inability to perform the test in a timely fashion. Results of the present study indicated that several handheld point-of-care lactate meters provided results that were in agreement with a laboratory critical care blood analyzer.

Front 39

Evaluation of lidocaine treatment and risk factors for death associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs: 112 Cases (1997-2005)

Back 39

Presence of the identified risk factors should warrant aggressive treatment. Lidocaine treatment was not associated with mortality rate or postoperative complications, but was associated with prolonged hospitalization time.

Front 40

Evaluation of primary re-excision after recent inadequate resection of soft tissue sarcomas in dogs: 41 cases (1999-2004)

Back 40

After incomplete resection of soft tissue sarcomas, resection of local tissue should be performed, even if excisable tissue margins appear narrow. A long-term favorable prognosis is achievable without radiation therapy or amputation. The presence of residual tumor in resected scar tissue should not be used to predict local recurrence.

Front 41

Evaluation of radiotherapy alone or in combination with doxorubicin chemotherapy for the treatment of cats with incompletely excised soft tissue sarcomas: 71 Cases (1989-1999)

Back 41

Results suggested that doxorubicin chemotherapy may play a role in extending the disease-free interval in cats undergoing radiotherapy for treatment of incompletely excised soft tissue sarcomas.

Front 42

Evaluation of strontium Sr 90 for the treatment of superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats: 49 Cases (1990-2006)

Back 42

Treatment of cats with SCC of the nasal planum with a single fraction of 90Sr appeared to be effective and well tolerated.

Initial response to treatment was predictive of overall survival time.

Front 43

Evaluation of the reproducibility and accuracy of pH-determining devices used to measure urine pH in dogs

Back 43

Urine pH measurements should be made by use of a portable or benchtop pH meter when accurate measurements are crucial for diagnosis or treatment. Reagent strips and pH papers are useful in obtaining pH approximations but are not recommended when accurate measurements of urine pH are required.

Front 44

Evaluation of the use of subcutaneous implantable vascular access ports in feline blood donors

Back 44

Positive results for blood collections via VAPs were increased donor acceptance, decreased number of personnel required, and decreased collection time. Drawbacks included contamination of blood products and port-related complications.

Front 45

Evaluation of total and ionized calcium status in dogs with blastomycosis: 38 Cases (1997-2006)

Back 45

High blood iCa concentration was uncommon in dogs with blastomycosis.

Hypoalbuminemia contributed to a low serum tCa concentration despite a blood iCa concentration within reference limits.

The use of serum tCa concentration, AdjCa-Alb, and AdjCa-TP may fail to identify a small number of dogs with high blood iCa concentrations.

Front 46

Evaluation of trends in urolith composition in cats: 5,230 cases (1985-2004)

Back 46

The increasing proportion of calcium oxalate uroliths was in accordance with findings from other studies and could be a result of alterations in cats’ diets. However, the decreased percentage of calcium oxalate calculi and increased percentage of struvite calculi observed in the last 3 years may portend a change in the frequency of this type of urolith.

Front 47

Fluoroscopic and radiographic evaluation of tracheal collapse in dogs: 62 cases (2001-2006)

Back 47

Compared with fluoroscopy, radiography underestimated the frequency and degree of tracheal collapse. However, radiography appears to be useful for screening dogs with potential tracheal collapse.

Front 48

Frequency of urinary tract infection in catheterized dogs and comparison of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results for catheterized and noncatheterized dogs with urinary tract infections

Back 48

Results suggested that urinary tract catheterization is a reasonable alternative for management of dogs with urinary bladder dysfunction, but that duration of catheterization should be minimized and indiscriminate antimicrobial administration to dogs with indwelling urinary catheters should be avoided.

Front 49

Gallbladder disease in Shetland Sheepdogs: 38 Cases (1995-2005)

Back 49

Shetland Sheepdogs are predisposed to gallbladder disorders, with mucoceles and concurrent dyslipidemia or dysmotility in many affected dogs. Most dogs were without clinical signs during mucocele development. Low survival rate after cholecystectomy in clinically affected dogs suggested that preemptive surgical interventions may be a more appropriate treatment strategy.

Front 50

Hemangiosarcoma in cats: 53 cases (1992-2002)

Back 50

Subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma was more biologically aggressive than the cutaneous form and was more likely to recur locally and result in euthanasia or death of the cat.

Metastatic potential of the cutaneous and subcutaneous forms may be greater than previously reported.

Visceral hemangiosarcoma is associated with a grave prognosis.

Front 51

Hemophagocytic syndrome in dogs: 24 Cases (1996-2005)

Back 51

Results indicated that hemophagocytic syndrome may occur more frequently in dogs than has previously been suspected on the basis of the paucity of reported cases. Although most dogs had definable underlying disease conditions, idiopathic hemophagocytic syndrome was also identified. Hemophagocytic syndrome of any cause is potentially life-threatening; however, the prognosis should be adjusted on the basis of the associated disease process and potential for successful treatment.

Front 52

Immune-mediated erythroid and megakaryocytic aplasia in a cat

Back 52

Immune-mediated bone marrow aplasia is rare in cats and usually affects only erythrocyte progenitors. Concomitant involvement of erythroid and megakaryocytic cell lines can be successfully treated via immunosuppressive therapy. Human immunoglobulins seem to be well tolerated in cats; however, proof of a beneficial effect requires further study.

Front 53

Incidence of and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in cats that have undergone renal transplantation: 187 Cases (1986-2005)

Back 53

Results suggest that cats that undergo renal transplantation have an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus, compared with cats with chronic renal failure, and that mortality rate is higher for cats that develop PTDM than for cats that do not.

Front 54

Indications, management, and outcome of long-term positive-pressure ventilation in dogs and cats: 148 Cases (1990-2001)

Back 54

Group 1 patients received PPV for inadequate oxygenation, group 2 for inadequate ventilation, and group 3 for inadequate oxygenation and ventilation.

Of the group 1 animals, 36% were weaned from PPV and 22% survived to hospital discharge.

In group 2, 50% were weaned from PPV and 39% survived to hospital discharge.

In group 3, 3 of 13 were weaned from PPV and 1 of 13 survived to hospital discharge.

Likelihood of successful weaning and survival to hospital discharge were significantly higher for group 2 animals, and cats had a significantly lower likelihood of successful weaning from PPV, compared with dogs.

Median duration of PPV was 48 hours and was not associated with outcome.

Front 55

Intrathecal morphine overdose in a dog

Back 55

Although intrathecal administration of an overdose of morphine can be associated with major and potentially fatal complications, it is possible that affected dogs can completely recover with immediate treatment and extensive supportive care.

Front 56

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with administration of etodolac in dogs: 211 cases (1992-2002)

Back 56

Most dogs who developed KCS had severe KCS.

Dogs with etodolac treatment intervals < 6 months prior to the onset of KCS were 4.2 times as likely to have remission as were dogs with treatment intervals ≥ 6 months.

Front 57

Lomustine and prednisone as a first-line treatment for dogs with multicentric lymphoma: 17 Cases (2004-2005)

Back 57

Results suggest that concurrent treatment with lomustine and prednisone was well tolerated in dogs with multicentric lymphoma, but findings did not support the use of this combination for first-line treatment of affected dogs.

Front 58

Measurement of serum antinuclear antibody titer in dogs with and without systemic lupus erythematosus: 120 Cases (1997-2005)

Back 58

Results suggested that measurement of ANA titer was not a useful diagnostic test in dogs without any major clinical or clinicopathologic abnormalities suggestive of SLE.

In contrast, there was a good chance that results of the ANA assay would be positive and that the dog would be found to have immune-mediated disease if at least 2 major signs were evident.

Findings suggest that it would be reasonable to limit the use of the ANA assay to those dogs that have at least 1 major sign compatible with a diagnosis of SLE.

Front 59

One-year clinical and magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of Doberman Pinschers with cervical spondylomyelopathy treated medically or surgically

Back 59

Medical and surgical treatment improved or stabilized the clinical condition of most dogs.

Surgical treatment appeared to hasten the development of additional areas of spinal cord compression and lesions in dogs with preoperative cord changes; however, the clinical importance of these changes was not determined.

The progression of pathologic MRI abnormalities was notably less in medically treated dogs, compared with surgically treated dogs.

Front 60

Outcome of and complications associated with tube cystostomy in dogs and cats: 76 Cases (1995-2006)

Back 60

Results suggested that cystostomy tubes may be used for animals with various conditions related to problems with urine outflow. Nearly half the animals in the study developed complications related to the cystostomy tube, suggesting that potential complications should be discussed with owners prior to tube placement. However, most complications were easily resolved.

Front 61

Pharmacokinetics of an extended-release theophylline product in cats

Back 61

Daily administration of the brand of theophylline tablets and capsules used in this study at 15 mg/kg (6.8 mg/lb) and 19 mg/kg (8.6 mg/lb), respectively, maintained plasma concentrations within the desired therapeutic range in healthy cats.

Front 62

Prevalence of and intrinsic risk factors for appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs: 179 cases (1996-2005)

Back 62

Results of the present study suggested that Greyhounds, Rottweilers, and Great Danes had an increased risk of developing OSA, compared with mixed-breed dogs.

Front 63

Prevalence of oxacillin- and multidrug-resistant staphylococci in clinical samples from dogs: 1,772 Samples (2001-2005)

Back 63

Oxacillin resistance increased among S intermedius isolates during the past 5 years, and the increase was associated with multidrug resistance.

In 2005, 1 in 5 Staphylococcus spp isolates from canine clinical samples was resistant to oxacillin.

The most common staphylococcal species isolated were S intermedius, Staphylococcus schleiferi, and Staphylococcus aureus, and frequencies of oxacillin resistance in isolates of these species were 15.6%, 46.6%, and 23.5%, respectively.

Front 64

Prevalence of serum antibodies against six Leptospira serovars in healthy dogs

Back 64

24.9% of dogs had antibody titers against at least 1 of the 6 Leptospira serovars.

Prevalence of antibodies was highest to serovar Grippotyphosa, followed by Bratislava, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona.

Age, travel outside Michigan, exercise outside fenced yards, and exposure to livestock and wildlife were significant risk factors for positive titers.

Front 65

Prevalence, clinical features, and causes of epistaxis in dogs: 176 cases (1996-2001)

Back 65

Dogs with epistaxis were more likely to be old, male, and large.

In 62% dogs with epistaxis, an underlying cause was identified.

Dogs with local causes were more likely to have unilateral than bilateral epistaxis, but 52% dogs with systemic disorders also had unilateral epistaxis.

Dogs with systemic disorders were more likely to have clinical signs of systemic disease.

Duration of epistaxis (acute vs chronic), severity, and duration of hospitalization were similar for dogs with local versus systemic disorders.

Front 66

Quantification of mitral valve regurgitation in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease by use of the proximal isovelocity surface area method

Back 66

Results suggested that regurgitation fraction is a repeatable and reproducible variable for noninvasive quantitative evaluation of mitral valve regurgitation in awake dogs.

Regurgitation fraction also correlated well with disease severity.

It appears that this Doppler echocardiographic index may be useful in longitudinal studies of MVD in dogs.

Front 67

Response of feral cats to vaccination at the time of neutering

Back 67

Results suggest that exposure to FPV, FHV, and FCV is common among feral cats and that a high proportion of cats are susceptible to RV infection. Feral cats appeared to have an excellent immune response following vaccination at the time of neutering. Incorporation of vaccination into trap-neuter-return programs is likely to protect the health of individual cats and possibly reduce the disease burden in the community.

Front 68

Results of the veterinary enalapril trial to prove reduction in onset of heart failure in dogs chronically treated with enalapril alone for compensated, naturally occurring mitral valve insufficiency

Back 68

Chronic enalapril treatment of dogs with naturally occurring, moderate to severe MR significantly delayed onset of CHF, compared with placebo, on the basis of number of CHF-free days, number of dogs free of CHF at days 500 and study end, and increased time to a combined secondary endpoint of CHF–all-cause death.

Improvement in the primary endpoint, CHF-free survival, was not significant.

Results suggest that enalapril modestly delays the onset of CHF in dogs with moderate to severe MR.

Front 69

Risk factors associated with outcome in dogs with tetanus: 38 Cases (1987-2005)

Back 69

There was a significant association between younger age and development of more severe clinical signs.

A significant inverse relationship between development of severe clinical signs and survival was identified.

There was no association between earlier initiation of wound management, antimicrobial administration, or antitoxin administration and either progression of signs or 28-day survival rate.

Wound type was not associated with 28-day survival rate.

Front 70

Samarium Sm 153 lexidronam for the palliative treatment of dogs with primary bone tumors: 35 cases (1999-2005)

Back 70

Results suggest that samarium Sm 153 lexidronam may be useful in the palliation of pain in dogs with primary bone tumors that are not candidates for curative-intent treatment.

Front 71

Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in dogs with multicentric lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy

Back 71

Results suggest that serum CRP concentration is high in dogs with multicentric lymphoma but that serum CRP concentration is not a useful marker for relapse and that chemotherapy itself does not affect serum CRP concentration.

Front 72

Serum chemistry alterations in Alaskan sled dogs during five successive days of prolonged endurance exercise

Back 72

Results suggested that multiple successive days of endurance exercise resulted in mild aberrations in serum chemistry variables in conditioned sled dogs.

Changes likely reflected the metabolic stresses of prolonged endurance exercise as well as dietary composition.

Hypoglobulinemia in resting, conditioned sled dogs may reflect the immunosuppressive or catabolic effects of intense endurance training.

Front 73

Serum cortisol and thyroxine concentrations as predictors of death in critically ill puppies with parvoviral diarrhea

Back 73

High serum cortisol and low serum thyroxine concentrations at 24 and 48 hours after admission were associated with death in dogs with parvoviral diarrhea.

Front 74

Spontaneous external biliary fistula in a dog

Back 74

Surgical exploration of the tract revealed that it passed into the right hemithorax to the diaphragm; entered the right medial lobe of the liver; and terminated in a well-encapsulated, cystic liver lesion. The right medial liver lobe and all affected tissues were removed. Histologically, the liver lesion consisted of a fibrotic, dilated bile duct. The dilated bile duct and fistula were lined with biliary epithelium. On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of spontaneous external biliary fistula was made. Five months after surgery, the dog was clinically normal.

Front 75

Systemic infection with Geomyces organisms in a dog with lytic bone lesions

Back 75

Infection with Geomyces organisms is typically localized to the skin and nail beds. In the dog of this report, systemic dissemination of Geomyces organisms resulted in lysis of the first 2 sternebrae.

Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and microbial culture of samples of the affected sternebrae were important diagnostic tests for successful identification of the organism.

Despite 6 months of itraconazole administration and evidence of clinical improvement, fungal organisms persisted in the dog’s affected sternebrae.

Practitioners should include Geomyces infection among the differential diagnoses for suspected systemic mycosis and should perform cytologic examination and microbial culture of affected tissue throughout treatment of affected dogs.

Front 76

Toxic pneumonitis caused by inhalation of hydrocarbon waterproofing spray in two dogs

Back 76

The dogs of this report developed hydrocarbon pneumonitis following exposure to waterproofing sprays. Such sprays contain potentially toxic hydrocarbons. The severity of the adverse effects associated with exposure may have been amplified because the dogs were physically small and were exposed to a relatively large amount of aerosolized spray within small areas.

With prolonged hospitalization and considerable monitoring and care, affected dogs can recover from these exposures.

Front 77

Treatment of thoracolumbar spinal cord compression associated with Histoplasma capsulation infection in a cat

Back 77

In cats with myelopathies that have no overt evidence of fungal dissemination, differential diagnoses should include CNS histoplasmosis.

Although prognosis associated with fungal infections of the CNS is generally guarded, treatment is warranted and may have a positive outcome.

Front 78

Use of anti-coronavirus antibody testing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis involving the central nervous system in cats

Back 78

The correlation between serum and CSF IgG and the fact that CSF IgG was detected only in strongly seropositive cats suggested that CSF anti-coronavirus IgG was derived from blood. Measurement of anti-coronavirus IgG in CSF was of equivocal clinical use.

Front 79

Use of basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations to rule out a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 123 Cases (2000-2005)

Back 79

On the basis of sensitivity and specificity, basal serum or plasma cortisol concentrations had high negative predictive values over a wide range of prevalence rates and can be used to rule out a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism.

Dogs with basal cortisol concentrations > 2 μg/dL that are not receiving corticosteroids, mitotane, or ketoconazole are highly unlikely to have hypoadrenocorticism. However, if the basal cortisol concentration is ≤ 2 μg/dL, little to no information regarding adrenal gland function can be obtained and an ACTH stimulation test should be performed.

Front 80

Use of vascular access ports in femoral veins of dogs and cats with cancer

Back 80

Results suggested that VAP implantation into the femoral vein provides an acceptable means of chronic venous access in dogs and cats undergoing cancer treatment.

Front 81

Use of vascular access ports with intrathoracic drains for treatment of pleural effusion in three dogs

Back 81

Findings suggest that subcutaneous vascular access ports attached to intrathoracic drain tubing may be an effective way to remove recurrent pleural effusion in dogs.

Front 82

Zinc intoxication in dogs: 19 Cases (1991-2003)

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Hemolytic anemia as a result of zinc toxicosis appeared to affect young small-breed dogs more frequently than older large-breed dogs.

The prognosis with treatment is good, and most affected dogs had a short hospital stay.