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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Know the names associated with the Empire of Japan
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• Emperor Meiji – the name explains itself
• Albrecht Furst von Urach – german man, wrote the Secret of Japan’s strength • Admiral Wilgelm Vitegft – Russian Admiral in battle of the Yellow Sea • Admiral Togo Heihachiro – Japanese Admiral in battle of the Yellow Sea • President Roosavelt – Ends the Russo-Japanese war with Portsmouth Peace Treaty • President Wilson – Intervention in Siberia • General Sadao Araki – main general during the beginning of Showa era – favored nationalism • Admiral Yamamoto – director of the attack on Pearl Harbor, studied at Harvard. Complete douche. |
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Know the three eras between 1868 and 1945
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• Meiji Reformation era – Tokugawa Shogunate are ousted
• Taisho Era – 1912-1926 • Japan declares war on Germany (1914) WWI • Showa Era – 1926-1937 • General Sadao Araki dominates national movement • Totalitarianism • Militarism • Expansionism • Power-Hungry |
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Who and from which country demands access to Japanese Ports?
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• Commodore Matthew Perry from the US – ventured to the pacific and Japan on the notion of manifest destiny – god given right
• US-Japan Treaty of Amity and Commerce (Harris Treaty of 1858) • Townsend Harris • US puts pressure on the Shogunate. After 2 years, and the looming presence of similar demands from the british, the Tokugawa Shogunate finally concied • Allows for many Japanese ports to be open for foreign trade • Allows for US citizens to live and trade at these ports • US citizens were not subject to punishment under Japanese law • Low import/export taxes |
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Know the meaning of “Fokoku Kyohei” and accomplishments of meiji restoration
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• Fokoku Kyohei – enrich the country, strengthen the army
• Meiji restoration revived japans nationalistic spirit • Resist western domination • Even missionaries were evicted from the country • Japan rapidly industrializes • Technology from the US and europs • Communications, military, ships • Military technology and armed forces are strengthened significantly • Military exchanges with leading powers • Japan buys arms and ships from Great Britain including ships, power plants, machinery, steel making material – Japan is very good markets • Men sent to Europe to study in their war colleges, attempting their own military strategy (one is a disciple of von clouswitz) • Make a navy that will be undefeated for 300 years. • Compare very greatly themselves and great Britain |
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How did foreigners influence Japan
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• Westernization changed Japan
• Fashion, art, language, operas, from Europe • Judicial system and politics from germany – invited germans and other foreigners to teach in Japanese universities • Road and Rail system – rail road builders from mostly England retired to Japan • Armaments and weapons from Europe and US |
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How did Japan develop economically and industrially?
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• Economically
o There was a rise of industrial conglomerates (mitsui, mitsubishi) There is a close relationship between the government and these businesses. o Japan is mercantilistic – importing raw goods, exporting finished goods. o Unified centrally controlled currency (Yen) o Internationally connected banking and finance o Western Style tax codes – stock exchanges o Free market capitalism – private industries start to take over as government begins to leave them alone • Industrially o Industry becomes the main economic engine as opposed to farming o Roadways, bridges, electric grids built o Communication networks expanded |
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Which present day countries fall under Japan’s sphere of influence in early 20th century?
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• All home islands, Taiwan, Korea, Manchuria, Parts of Northern china
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What is Albrecht Furst von Urach best known for regarding Japan?
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• Wrote a book called The Secret of Japan’s Strength
• Says Japans rise to power in 80 yrs is the greatest miracle in history • Everyone else needed centuries to grow this big, warns western powers that they cant be little bitches. |
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Know the two wars that japan Fought before WWI.
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• Sino-japanese war, 1894-95
• War over the control of Korea • Korean govt requests troops from the Chinese to put down the peasant rebellion because the Japanese could then continue into China • Japanese troop arrive first and install a puppet govt in Seoul • Japanese also intercept request from korea and route Chinese on land and sea because they can mobilize much quicker • China gives up Manchuria and Formosa • Russo-Japanese war 1904-05 • War over control of Korea and Manchuria • Treaty of shimonoseki gave strategic Port Arthur to Japan • Russia, backed by the western powers, seixed it from the Japanese • Japanses pulled back to the home island and began to prepare for a battle, with the great land power and sea power of Russia • Japan, armed with modern British built warships (little torpedo boats, fast (mosquito theorem) that could sink the bigger battleships) • Japanese labeled the new ships as commercial items and snuck in weapons. • Battle of port Arthur • Japanese launch a surprise attack on the Russian eastern fleet in Port-Arthur • Pre-emptive strike starts with night destroyer attack, destroying oil wells • Day attack with capital ships • Actually ends in a draw • Both sides lay mines in the harbor • Russians sucked at laying mines, blew up many of their ships • Mine the harbor using torpedo boats, secretly lays mines at night • Battle of the Yellow sea • Admiral wilgelm vitegft breaks out with 6 battleships, 4 cruisers, 14 destroyers • Admiral Togo Heihachiro engages with 4 battleships (but newer british ones) 10 cruisers, 18 destroyers, 30 torpedo boats. • Strategy and outcome • Togo positions between Russian fleet and port;blocking escape route • Russians leave and keep going, Japanese follow, a lucky shot kills the captain in the flagship, ship begins to turn back because the admirals body fell on the wheel, rest of the fleet follows, Japanese cut up the Russian fleet. |
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Know the details of the battle of the yellow sea and Tsushima – importance
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• Battle of the Yellow sea
• Admiral wilgelm vitegft breaks out with 6 battleships, 4 cruisers, 14 destroyers • Admiral Togo Heihachiro engages with 4 battleships (but newer british ones) 10 cruisers, 18 destroyers, 30 torpedo boats. • Strategy and outcome • Togo positions between Russian fleet and port;blocking escape route • Russians leave and keep going, Japanese follow, a lucky shot kills the captain in the flagship, ship begins to turn back because the admirals body fell on the wheel, rest of the fleet follows, Japanese cut up the Russian fleet. • Battle of Tsushima • Largest battle between pre-dreadnaught battleships • Russian ships now need to go all the way around Africa and to korea, numerically superior force • Togo commits the entire Japanese navy • British officer is on the flagship with Togo, taking notes • Russians were forced to approach the Japanese line like a T • Russian fleet decimated – 17 battleships lost, 43000 sailors • Japanese lose 3 torpedo boats • Why is Tushima Important • War ends with US conference in Portsmouth, NH • US becomes power broker – roosavelt • Tsushima is the first defeat of a western power by an asian country • Russia’s prestige is crushed • Romanov dynasty is severly weakened • Key factor in Russian Revolution of 1905 • Japan becomes a world power • Admiral togo “the nelson of japan” • Japan is now the 6th most powerful navy • Overconfidence leads to WWII |
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Know The details of Japan’s involvement in WWI and intervention of Siberia in 1918
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• WWI: opportunity
• Declares war on Germany in 1914 • Defeats german colonial troops and naval squadron – 7 nov 1914 • Takes over german territories • Shandong province in china • Marianas, Carolinas, marshall islands • Solidified gains in china with backing by UK in may 1915 • UK like the Japanese buying their traded goods • US-Japan intervention in Sibera • Bolshevik recolution causes instability in the Russian far east • President Wilson asks Japan to supply 7-000 troops • International coalition: 25,000 troops • Japan sends 70000 under Japanese independent command and occupies all major cities and ports in eastern Siberia • Japan finally leaves in Oct. 1922 |
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What were Japan’s grand strategic goals during the Showa Era?
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• Showa Era – 1926-37
• General sadao Araki dominates the nationalism movement • Totalitarianism • Militarialism • Expansionism • Kodoha – imperial way movement • Wants to be a friend of the people • Industry geared for war and weapons production • Japan’s Strategic Goals • Greater east asian co-prosperity sphere • Acqusition and protection of spheres of influence • Maintenance of territorial integrity • Fleets to keep western powers out – large navy • Acqusition of raw materials • Return to mercantilism • Access to Asian Markets • Japan is the regional hegemon, wants access to all asian markets • Power-hungry |
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Which two other countries joined Japan in the Tripartite Pact of 1940?
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• Japan and the Tripartite Pact
• Imperial Japan signs strategic Tripartitie Pact with Facist Italy and Nazi Germany • “Establish and maintain a new order of things” in their respective world regions and spheres of influence • Nazi in Europe • Imperial Japan in Asia • Fascist Italy in North Africa |
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Know the details of the emerging conflict between Japan and the US prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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• It starts earlier with the Great Depression in America. Japan is very dependant on US raw materials and therefore started the war partly out of economic desperation, suffering under the constriction of the US depression
• Japanese dependence on US raw materials and regions under US influence made Japan vulnerable • Without this depression, WWII may not have started as early for Japan • Japan needed raw materials to fuel economy and military buildup • Iron, rubber, oil • US placed controls on access to these goods • Conflict with US • President Roosevelt imposes sanctions on Japan for incursions in China and human rights atrocities that Japan imposed on China • Strategic minerals and raw materials are cut off or sharply reduced • Japan plans surprise attack on pearl harbor to neutralize the US pacific Fleet - under the direction of Yamamoto • Japan needs surprise because they know they cannot start a sustained war. |
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What assumptions did Japan make in preparing for the Pacific War (WWII) and what assumptions did they make?
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• Japan assumed that the US would stay to itself and continue its policy of isolationism
• Preparations and Plans • Store 2 years worth of oil • Large merchant fleet • Larger standing army, navy and airpower than pre WWII US Forces • Strategy • Quick strike • Negotiate Asian Sphere • Maintain Asian empire • They were banking on US staying to themselves – isolationism • They would hide behind the Bamboo curtain – a string of Japanese territories and islands including Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Manchuria, etc… |
