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Ainu
Tokugawa Shogunate
(1600-1787)
Very hairy people. Language passed orally not written. Non-Japanese, half the population of Hakkaido. Exotic ,primitive, had distinctive musical culture and literary forms.
Significance
Part of the social change during Tokugawa. Affected by the Japanese expansion to the North in early 19th C. The Japanese pursued a policy of turning the Ainu into Japanese, forcing them to abandon their bear festival, to cut their hair in the Japanese manner, and give up tattooing and ear piercing. The decline in Ainu numbers and identity proved a long-term trend.