Jamie's Endocrine System Flashcards

Front 1

Difference between an endocrine gland and exocrine gland?

Back 1

endocrine glands secrete their hormones directly into blood stream.
Exocrine glands secrete substances that are transported by ducts

Front 2

Difference between tropic hormone and direct hormone?

Back 2

Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands.
Direct hormones act directly on the target organ

Front 3

Anterior pituitary is regulated in part by what other endocrine gland?

Back 3

Hypothalamus

Front 4

All hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

Back 4

FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone
LH: luteinizing hormone
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
Prolactin
Endorphins
GH: growth hormone

Front 5

Function of GH (growth hormone)

Back 5

promote bone and muscle growth

Front 6

Function of prolactin

Back 6

stimulates the production of breast milk

Front 7

Target gland of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Back 7

adrenal cortex

Front 8

Function of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

Back 8

causes the thyroid to uptake iodine and produce thyroid hormone

Front 9

Function of LH

Back 9

stimulates ovulation in females, testosterone synthesis in males

Front 10

Function of FSH

Back 10

stimulates follicle maturation in females, spermatogenesis in males

Front 11

Hormones synthesized by the posterior pituitary

Back 11

none: posterior pituitary STORES hormones that are synthesized in the hypothalamus (oxytocin and ADH)

Front 12

Hormones released by posterior pituitary & their functions

Back 12

Oxytocin increases the strength of contractions during childbirth; Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) promotes the absorption of water in the nephron

Front 13

Hormones secreted by the thyroid gland

Back 13

thyroxine and triiodothyronine (collectively known as thyroid hormones), as well as calcitonin

Front 14

How do thyroid hormones affect metabolism?

Back 14

Thyroid hormones increase metabolism

Front 15

How does calcitonin affect the level of Ca2+ in the blood plasma?

Back 15

Calcitonin decreases blood plasma Ca2+

Front 16

What hormone does the parathyroid gland produce and what is its function?

Back 16

Parathyroid hormone serves to increase blood plasma Ca2+

Front 17

3 types of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex

Back 17

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and cortical sex hormones

Front 18

Function of cortisol?

Back 18

cortisol is a glucocorticoid that increases the blood's glucose level

Front 19

What important mineralocorticoid is released by the adrenal cortex?

Back 19

Aldosterone: increases water reabsorption in the kidneys

Front 20

What endocrine gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Back 20

The adrenal medulla

Front 21

Function of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 21

Increase blood glucose level and heart rate; slow down digestion & increase the basal metabolic rate

Front 22

Effects of epinephrine?

Back 22

-increased heart rate
-increased blood glucose level
-increased blood supply to brain, muscle, and heart
-decreased digestion and excretion

Front 23

Which endocrine organ secretes insulin and glucagon

Back 23

Pancreas

Front 24

How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?

Back 24

Glucagon increases blood glucose levels

Front 25

How does insulin affect blood glucose level?

Back 25

Insulin decreases blood glucose levels

Front 26

What is the function of somatostatin?

Back 26

Somatostatin inhibits both glucagon and insulin secretion

Front 27

What hormones are secreted by the ovaries? What are their functions?

Back 27

Estrogen: maintains female secondary sexual characteristics
Progesterone: promotes growth/maintenance of endometrium

Front 28

What is the corpus luteum?

Back 28

Corpus luteum develops from a ruptured follicle in the ovary and secretes estrogen & progesterone

Front 29

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

Back 29

melatonin

Front 30

How do peptide hormones act on their target cells?

Back 30

peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane, thereby initiating a chain of reactions inside the cell (secondary messengers)

Front 31

How do steroid hormones act on their target cells?

Back 31

Steroid hormones pass through the cell membrane and act directly inside the cell.

Front 32

Steroid hormones: starts with _____ or ends with _______

Back 32

estra- & -one

Front 33

What hormone is secreted by the kidney?

Back 33

Erythropoiletin: stimulates bone marrow to increase production of erythrocytes

Front 34

What hormone is secreted by the the heart?

Back 34

Atrial natriuretic hormone: involved in osmoregulation

Front 35

What hormone is secreted by the thymus?

Back 35

Thymosin: stimulates T lymphocyte development