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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Serum Na level WNL
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135-145
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Serum K level WNL
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3.5-5.3
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Serum Cl level WNL
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97-107
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Serum CO2 level WNL
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22-30
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Serum BUN level WNL
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5-20
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Serum Creatinine level WNL
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0.5-1.2
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Serum Ca level WNL
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8.6-10
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Serum P level WNL
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2.5-4.5
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Serum Mg level WNL
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1.3-2.5
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Serum Osmolality
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280-300
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Serum Albumin level WNL
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3.5-5
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S/S of FVD/hypovolemia
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^weight loss, <skin turgor, oliguria,conc. urine, tachy c weak pulse, <CVP, <BP, dizzy, weak, confused, muscle cramps
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S/S of FVE/hypervolemia
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^weight gain, edema, JVD, crackles, cough, bounding pulse, ^CVP, SOB, ^BP
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S/S of hyponatremia, serum Na <135
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anorexia, N/V, headache, lethargy, confusion, muscle cramps & twitching, dry skin, tachy, <BP
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S/S of hypernatremia, serum Na >145
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thirst, ^temp, swollen dry tongue, sticky mucous membranes, hallucinations, lethargy, restlessness, irritability, seizures, pulm edema, N/V, anorexia, ^reflexes, tachy, ^BP
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Normal ABG
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pH 7.35-7.45
pCO2 35-45 pO2 80-100 HCO3 22-26 |
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ABG showing Acute Respiratory Acidosis
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<pH
>pCO2 <pO2 HCO3 WNL |
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ABG showing Acute Metabolic Acidosis
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<pH
pO2 WNL pCO2 WNL <HCO3 |
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ABG showing Acute Respiratory Alkalosis
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>pH
>pO2 <pCO2 HCO3 WNL |
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ABG showing Acute Metabolic Alkalosis
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>pH
pO2 WNL pCO2 WNL >HCO3 |
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Most common cause of metabolic alkalosis
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V or gastric suction with loss of H & Cl ions. Hypokalemia.
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Chronic metabolic acidosis is associated c
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Chronic RF
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S/S of Metabolic Acidosis
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headache, confusion, drowsy, ^RR & depth, N/V
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Respiratory Acidosis is always due to
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inadequate excretion of CO2 c inadequate ventilation
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Common cause of metabolic acidosis
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DKA, Starvation-lactic acid formation, RF
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S/S of hypermagnesemia, serum Mg >2.7
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flushing, hypotension, drowsy, <reflexes, <RR, diaphoresis,cardiac arrest, coma
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S/S of hypomagnesemia, serum Mg <1.8
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neuromuscular irritability, insomnia, mood change, anorexia, V, ^reflexes, ^BP
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S/S of hypercalcemia, serum Ca >10.5
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muscle weakness, constipation, anorexia, <reflexes, polyuria, polydipsia, deep bone pain, N/V
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S/S of hypocalcemia, serum Ca <8.5
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numbness & tingling in fingers/toes, seizures, carpopedal spasm, ^reflexes, bronchospasm, <PT
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S/S of hyperkalemia, serum K >5
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tachy/brady, arrythmias, paresthesias, intestinal colic, cramps, anxiety, tall T waves
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3 Isotonic Solutions
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NS
LR D5W |
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Hypotonic Solution
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1/2 NS
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Hypertonic Solutions
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3 or 5% NaCl
TPN or PPN |
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What 2 fluids are plasma volume expanders
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LR
NS |
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S/S of hypokalemia, serum K <3.5
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fatigue, anorexia, N/V, <bowel motility, <reflexes, <BP, VF/VA
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S/S of hyperphosphatemia, serum P >4.5
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tetany, tachy, anorexia, N/V, muscle weakness, S/S of hypocalcemia
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