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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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K |
Cation in ICF/influenced by acid base balance/ maintains ICF volume/ aids in transmission of nerve impulses/ allows normal muscle function/ regulated by dietary intake or renal excretion |
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K dietary sources |
Fresh fruits/veggies/oranges/bananas/tomatoes/potatoes/mushrooms/carrots/meats/CHOCOLATE/Brazil nuts |
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Na dietary sources |
Table SALT/salty snack foods/crab,lobster,canned tuna(that lives in salt water)/canned soups/processed meats/cheese/canned veggies/CONDIMENTS/pickles |
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Na |
Most abundant solute in ECF/ necessary for attracting fluid/maintains ECF volume fluid/transmits nerve impulses/contacts muscles/combines w chloride & bicarbonate to reg acid-base balance/ NR: 135-145 mEq/L |
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Na regulated by: |
THIRST which stimulates ADH secretion/ dietary intake/aldosterone secretion |
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Electrolytes normal lab values |
Na: 136-145 mEq/L K: 3.5-5 mEq/L Cl: 98-106 mEq/L Hc03: arterial 22-26 mEq/L Venous 24-30 mEq/L Total Ca: 8.4-10.5 mg/dl Ionized Ca: 4.5-5.3 mg/dl Mg: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L Phosphate: 2.7-4.5 mEq/L Anion gap: 5-11 mEq/L |
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Arterial blood gases NR |
Ph: 7.35-7.45 Paco2: 35-45 mm HG PaO2: 80-100 mm Hg O2 saturation: 95-100% Base excess: -2 to +2 mm Eq/L |
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Dextrose in WATER solutions |
D5W iso D10W hyper |
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Saline solutions |
1/4 NS hypo (0.225% NaCl) 1/2 NS hypo (0.45% NaCl) 0.9% NS iso 3% or 5% NaCl hyper |
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Dextrose in SALINE solutions |
D5 1/2 NS hyper D5 0.45% NaCl hyper D5 NS hyper D5 0.9% NaCl hyper |
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Balances electrolyte solutions |
Lactated ringers (LR) iso Dextrose 5% in LR (D5LR) hyper |
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Phlebitis scale |
(0) No symptoms (1) erythema @ access site w or wo pain (2) pain @ site w erythema and/or edema (3) pain @ site w erythema and/or edema, STREAK FORMATION, PALPABLE VENOUS CORD (4) pain @ site w erythema and/or edema, streak formation, palpable venous cord >2.54 CM, PURULENT DRAINAGE |
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IV complications |
Local infection/ bleeding/ phlebitis/infiltration/ circulatory overload |
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Infiltration scale |
(0) No symptoms (1) skin blanched, edema <2.54 cm, cool to touch, w or wo pain (2) skin blanched, edema 2.54-15.2 cm, cool to touch, w or wo pain (3) skin blanched, translucent, gross edema > 15.2 cm, cool to touch, mild-mod pain, possible numbness (4) skin blanched, translucent, skin tight, leaking, skin discolored, gross edema >15.2 cm, pitting edema tissue, circulatory impairment, mod-severe pain, blood
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Risk factors for FE |
Age/ environment/ GI output/ chronic diseases/ trauma |
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Interstitial fluid |
Located between cells & outside the blood vessels |
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Intravascular fluid |
Liquid part of blood |
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Transcellular dluis |
Secreted by epi cells( cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, synovial fluids) |
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Cation |
(+) charged ions Na, K, Ca, Mg |
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Anion |
(-) charged ions Cl, Hc03 |
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Active transport |
Required energy from ATP 2 move electrolytes across cell membranes against the concentration gradient 4rm lower 2 higher concentrations
Ex- Na out of cell & K into cel |
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Diffusion |
PASSIVE movement of electrolytes down a concentration gradient 4rm higher concentration to lower concentration Diffuse easily by random movement Requires proteins Needs muscle/nerve function |
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Osmosis |
WATER moves through a membrane that separates fluid w different particle concentrations
WATER moves into compartment that has a higher osmotic pressure (inward pulling force) until the particle concentration is equal in 2 compartments |
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Filtration |
FLUID moves into/out of capillaries by filtration |
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Hydrostatic pressure (filtration) |
Force of FLUID pressing outward against a surface |
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Colloids |
2 large 2 leave capillaries in the fluid that's filtered so they stay in the blood |
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Edema |
Accumulation of excess fluid in INTERSTITIAL space |
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Fluid intake average |
2300 ml/ day |
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Fluid output |
Skin, lungs, GI, KIDNEYS
100 ml in feces a day
Should equal intake |
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Hypokalemia s/s |
Muscle weakness, cardiac dsyrhythmias, leg cramps, quadricep weakness, shallow respirations, decreased GI motility, polyuria |
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Hyperkalemia s/s |
Muscle weakness, cardiac arrest, dsyrthmias, flaccid , increased bowel motility, nausea, diarrhea, paresthesias, Oliguria, ecg changes |
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Hypocalcemia s/s |
Increased neuromuscular excitability, pos Chvostek's sign, pos Trousseau's sign, hyperactive DTR, laryngospasm, paresthesias of fingers, muscle twitching |
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Hypercalcemia s/s |
Decreased neuromuscular excitability, lethargy, polyuria, apathy, kidney stones, constipation, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, anorexia |
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Hypomagnesemia s/s |
Increases neuromuscular excitability, tremors, involuntary repetitive movements, insomnia, tachycardia, pos Chvosteks sign, hyperactive DTR |
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Hypermagnesemia s/s |
Decreased DTR, lethargy, bradycardia, flushes appearance, subjective of feeling warm, decreased neuromuscular excitability, decreased respirations |
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Functions of body fluids |
Metabolic reactions, lubricant, insulator, shock absorber, temp regulator, transporter 4 nutrients & wastes |
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Distribution of body fluids |
Intracellular- 66% of body water (28L)
Extracellular- 33% of body water (14L) |
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Edema occurs here |
Plasma (liquid part of blood), interstitial (lymphs), third spaces (transcellular) |
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Electrolytes |
Mineral salts that separate into charged particle (ions) when dissolved in water |
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Solute |
Molecules/ions |
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Solvent |
Fluid |
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Solutions |
Both solvent & solute mixed together |
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Body fluids |
Both water & electrolytes |
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Body eater |
Only water |
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Mild fluid deficit |
2% weight loss |
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Moderate fluid loss |
5% weight loss |
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Severe fluid deficit |
8% weight loss |
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Fluid volume deficit causes |
Loss of water & electrolytes, decreased intake, bleeding, third-spacing, iatrogenic |
