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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gravida?
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- refers to number of times woman was pregnant, regardless of whether it was a viable birth
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Nulligravida?
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- never been pregnant
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Primigravida?
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- pregnant for the 1st time
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Multigravida?
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- been pregnant more than once
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Para?
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- the number of pregnancies that have progressed past 20 wks (to fetal viability, ie able to survive outside of womb)
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Nullipara?
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- woman has been pregnant, but never past 20 wks; can get pregnant but can't carry it
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Primipara?
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- has completed 1 pregnancy past 20 wks (fetus survives outside womb= viability); could be more than 1 fetus; 1 primapara woman could have 1 baby,another could have 2 babies (twins), etc
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Multipara?
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- has completed 2 or more pregnancies past 20 wks
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Stillbirth?
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fetus born w no signs of life and is non-resuscible (died in utero)
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A- Gravidity?
B- Parity? |
A- pregnancy
B- number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses have reached viability, not the number of fetuses (say, twins) born; also not affected by whether fetus is born alive or is stillborn after viability is reached. |
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Gravidity/parity = 1/0; means?
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woman is pregnant for 1st time (primigravida) and has not carried a pregnancy to viability (nullipara)
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TPAL means?
GPAL means? |
T- # of term (40 wk) births
P- # of preterm births A- abortions, miscarriages L- living children - G- gravidity (# of pregnancies) |
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What is a woman's TPAL if a woman pregnant only once with twins gives birth at the 35th week and the babies survive?
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0-1-0-2 or GPAL 1-0-1-0-2
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During her next pregnancy, the abbreviation is ?
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0-1-0-2 or GPAL 2-0-1-0-2
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Babies lose 10% of body wt after 24 hrs of being born. T or F
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T
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Postdate preg aka postterm preg is?
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- pregnancy that goes beyond 42 wks of gestation
- baby comes out w long fingernails, eyelashes |
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Preterm preg?
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- reached 20 wks but before completing 37 wks
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Pitocin?
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drug that induces labor by bringing on contractions by irritating the muscle; part of oxytoxics drug family.
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A- typical menstrual cycle length?
B- ovulate betw day ____ |
A- 28 days
B- 12-14 |
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With ectopic pregnancy, woman feels like "crap, -- sweaty, nauseaus, unilateral pain T or F
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T
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hCG? aka Human chorionic gonadotropin
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earliest marker for pregnancy; helps push egg out of ovary into fallopian tubes
- as preg progresses, hcG level rises |
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Leukorrhea?
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- greater vaginal discharge during preg due to incr hormones
- vaginal fluids get more alkaline and more prone to vaginal infections, esp yeast infections. - w preg, body is more acidic, even though vaginal discharge is alkaline |
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Gynecort?
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Vaginal anti-itch cream
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Chadwick sign?
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area of cervix and labia get dark and purplish due to large blood supply
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Quickening?
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feeling baby kick; fluttering sensation felt at 16-20 wks
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Montgomery tubercles on breasts?
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- little dots around areola by nipples; secrete oil to prevent soreness when baby sucks
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Colostrum?
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1st fluid out of breast; baby gets mom's immune system that lasts 3 months
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Does BP incr or decr w preg women?
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- BP decreases and so pregnant women get lightheaded and pass out more easily
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During preg, what happens to blood vol and composition?
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- 30-50% incr in blood vol; woman with 1 kidney or low kidney function can go into CHF since body can't handle fluid
- clotting times incr since clotting factors incr to prevent bleeding postpartum - HR incr |
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Ability to breathe w preg?
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- ability to breathe increases; however, baby pushes on lungs and makes it difficult for woman to breathe
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Chloasma?
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mask of preg; actually brown color around eyes
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Linea nigra?
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line down belly from the symphis pubis to umbilicus - goes away
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Striae gravidarum?
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stretch marks - found on breasts, buttocks, thighs
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Palma Erythema ?
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more redness in body, esp palms of hands due to higher blood flow
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Purpose of hormone called Relaxin?
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- protects mom to be by allowing bone joints to expand
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preg women are more teary due to hormone levels
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T
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Purpose of thalidomide?
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- was used by preg women for morning sickness; stops arms and legs from developing in fetus, so babies born w/o arms and legs
- also used for leprosy trmt and cancer - Bendectin is another dangerous drug that causes similar birth defects |
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PICA?
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- eating disorder; compulsive craving to eat non-food items
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Preg women need to eat cereals that are high in folic acid; deficiencies cause neural tube defects such as spina bifida. T or F
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T
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- Laxatives can put preg women into labor
- Stool softeners are ok - Preg women can get gall bladder attacks. T or F |
T
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What is most popular method of pregnancy testing?
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ELISA testing with monoclonal antibody technology
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what are positive signs to establish dx of pregnancy?
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- fetal heartbeat (120-160 beats); can be picked up on doppler at 8-12 wks
- fetal movements - visualization of fetus (ultrasound) |
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As pregnancy progresses, balance and coordination are effected by changes in joints and center of gravity. T or F
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T
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amenorrhea?
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absence of period (more than 10 days from normal cycle); sign of preg
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antepartum?
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before birth
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Goodell's sign?
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- softening of cervix due to hormones
- probable preg sign |
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Hegar's sign?
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softening of the body of the uterus; during pelvic exam, the uterus can be moved where it wouldn't move if not preg
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Braxton Hicks contractions?
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painless, uterine contractions that happen througout pregnancy; more noticeable in last trimester when uterus is stretched
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Ballottment?
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passive fetal movement where the MD taps on the cervix and the fetus floats away and comes back
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Prenatal period is how long?
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40 wks
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Describe the 3 trimesters very simply; what happens to the baby in each
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1st trimester: make the baby
2nd trimester: refine it 3rd trimester: baby gets fat |
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uterine souffle?
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blood flow to uterus, can hear sound with doppler
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if women is dx with breast cancer and becomes pregnant, that's bad since cancer grows faster with pregnancy T or F
- the herbal preparation "evening oil of primrose" - high risk of placental bleeding T or F |
T
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Kegel exercises: purpose?
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strengthen perineal muscle
Kegel exercises are useful in regaining pelvic floor muscle strength after preg |
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Congenital malformations are twice as common in monozygotic twins as in singletons T or F
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T
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As labor nears, the cervix begins to thin or stretch (efface) and open (dilate) to prepare for the passage of the baby through the birth canal (vagina). T or F
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As cervix effaces, it pulls up; so 80% effaced means the cervix has 20% more to pull up
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Amnihook?
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An amnihook can be used to break the bag of water if it is still intact. It is generally believed that breaking of the water bag will lead to labor contractions.
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Pitocin? Used for?
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If there is still no contraction, a dose of pitocin will be given to start the labor contractions. Pitocin is a synthetic version of the hormone oxytocin, which the body produces to initiate labor contractions. Contractions induced by pitocin tend to be longer and more intense than normal labor contractions
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Babies can last up to 90 seconds of single contraction every 2 & 2.5 minutes T or F
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T
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Leopold's maneuver?
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A common and systematic way to determine the position of a fetus inside the woman's uterus.
The maneuvers consist of four distinct actions, each helping to determine the position of the fetus. The maneuvers are important because they help determine the position and presentation of the fetus, which in conjunction with correct assessment of the shape of the maternal pelvis can indicate whether the delivery is going to be complicated, or whether a Cesarean section is necessary. |
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Normal labor is completed within ___ hrs
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18
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____ is the hormone that keeps baby "in the house"; if level drops, woman starts labor
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progesterone
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matria?
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visiting nurse service for pregnant women
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A- Gynecord pelvis?
B- Android pelvis? C- Anthropoid pelvis? |
A- true female pelvis
B- True male pelvis (narrow hips) C- oval pelvis |
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A- Presentation?
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A- refers to part of fetus that enters the pelvic inlet first and leads thru the birth canal at birth
- 3 main presentations: - cephalic presentation (head first) 96% of births - breech presentation (butt or feet first) - shoulder presentation (shoulder first) |
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A- presenting part?
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A- that part of fetus first felt by finger during vaginal exam
- cephalic pres - usually the occiput is presenting part (when the occiput is the presenting part, the presentation is noted as vertex - breech pres- sacrum is presenting part - shoulder pres - scapula is presenting part |
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What factors determine the presenting part?
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- fetal lie - relation of spine of fetus to spine of mother
- fetal attitude- fetal posture in utero - extension or flexion of head |
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the 2 primary lies are:
- longitudinal (vertical ie spine parallel to mother's spine) - transverse (horizontal - fetal spine at right angle to moms) |
T
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Fetal position?
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relation of the presenting part to the 4 quadrants of mom's pelvis.
- denoted by 3 letter abbreviation - 1st letter= location of presenting part in R or L side of mom's pelvis - middle letter = the specific presenting part of fetus -3rd letter- |
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fundus of uterus?
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top portion of uterus opposite cervix
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4 stages of labor
- 1st stage lasts from when dilation begins to time when cervix is fully dilated - 2nd stage lasts from time of full dilation to birth of infant - 3rd stage lasts from infant's birth to expulsion of placenta - 4th stage is the first 2 hrs after birth |
T
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Normal fetal HR ____
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110-160 beats/min
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