Iupui Art History 101 Final

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The most widely accepted term for a Jewish house of worship

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Synagogue

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a seven-branched candelabrum used in the ancient Tabernacle in the desert and Temple in Jerusalem, a symbol of Judaism since ancient times and the emblem of the modern state of Israel.

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Menorah

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Statues carved on the jambs of a doorway or window

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Jamb figures

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is often used as a generic term applied to a circular window, but is especially used for those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and being divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery.

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Rose Window

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is a tall narrow window with a pointed arch at its top

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Lancet Window
is a tall narrow window with a pointed arch at its top

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is a specific form of buttressing most strongly associated with Gothic church architecture. It serves to transmit the lateral forces pushing a wall outwards

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Flying Buttress

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 is a general term describing an opening in the walls of a building, gate or fortification, and especially a grand entrance to an important structure.

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Portal

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 is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance bounded by a lintel and arch.

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Tympanum

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Vertical architectural member between the leaves of a doorway. Trumeaus were often highly decorated

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Trumeau

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A flat horizontal beam which spans the space between two supports

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Lintel

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A capital which is decorated with figures of animals, birds, or humans, used either alone or combined with foliage. The figures need not have any meaning, although they may be symbolic or part of a narrative sequence. Historiated capitals were most commonly used in the Romanesque from the late eleventh to mid-twelfth centuries.

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historiated capital

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Bands or mouldings (moldings, Am.) surrrounding an arched opening.

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Archivolts

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refers to the Five Books of Moses

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Torah

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The central longitudinal space of a bascilican church. It is usually flanked on its lond sides by aislas which are separated from the nave by columns or piers. In many churches, the lay congregation stand in the nave to attend religious services.

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Nave

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A vaulted extension or projection, usually from a choir or chapel and generally circular or polygonal in shape.

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APSE

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Open area of a church parallel to the nave and separated from it by columns or piers.

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Aisles

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A rectangular area which cuts across the main axis of a basilica-type building and projects beyond it. The transept gives a basilica the shape of a Latin cross and usually serves to separate the main area of the building from an apse at the end.

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Transept

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An upper story of a building with windows above adjacent roofs.

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Clerestory

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A semicircular or polygonal aisle.  Usually an ambulatory leads around the east end of the choir; separating the choir from apses or chapels.

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Ambulatory

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is a place of worship for followers of Islam.

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Mosque

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tall spires with onion-shaped or conical crowns, usually either free standing or taller than any associated support structure; the basic form includes a base, shaft, and gallery. Styles vary regionally and by period. They provide a visual focal point and are used for the call to prayer

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Minaret

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is the oldest calligraphic form of the various Arabic scripts and consists of a modified form of the old Nabataean script

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Kufic

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is the religious text ofIslam

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Koran/Qur’an

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 is defined as a vaulted hall or space, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. 

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Iwan

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is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, typically the remains of Buddha, used by Buddhists as a place of worship.

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Stupa

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 the founder of the Buddhist religion,

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Buddha

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a Bodhisattva is anyone who is motivated by compassion and seeks enlightenment not only for him/herself but also for everyone

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Bodhisattva

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is the general term in the English language for a tiered tower with multiple eaves common in China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Nepaland other parts of Asia.

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Pagoda

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In the Hindu and Buddhist religious traditions, their sacred artoften takes a mandala form

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Mandala

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is a symbolic or ritual gesture in Hinduism and Buddhism.

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Mudra

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A yakshini is the female counterpart of the male yaksha, and they both attend on Kubera (also called Kuber), the Hindu god of wealth who rules in the mythical Himalayan kingdom of Alaka. They both look after treasure hidden in the earth and resemble that of fairies.

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Yakshi

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Chakra is a concept referring to wheel-like vortices which, according to traditional Indian medicine, are believed to exist in the surface of theetheric double of man

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Chakra

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is the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually for religious or political motives. 

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Iconoclasm

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in archaeology and anthropology, are the items buried along with the body.

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Grave goods

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 is customarily used to refer to the Norse (Scandinavian) explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirateswho raided, traded, explored and settled in wide areas of Europe and the North Atlantic islands from the late eighth to the mid-11th century.

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Vikings

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is a medieval wooden church with a post and beam construction related to timber framing. The wall frames are filled with vertical planks.

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Stave Church

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The Urnes style was the last phase of Scandinavian animal art during the second half of the 11th century and in the early 12th century

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Urnes style

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They are pages of mainly geometrical ornamentation, which may include repeated animal forms, typically placed at the beginning of each of the four Gospels in Gospel Books

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carpet page

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was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans

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Charlemagne

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 is a container for relics. These may be the physical remains of saints, such as bones, pieces of clothing, or some object associated with saints or other religious figures.

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reliquary

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was a devotional book, most contain a similar collection of texts, prayers and psalms, often with appropriate decorations, for Christian devotion

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Book of Hours

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is a picture or relief representing a religious subject and suspended in a frame behind the altar of a church

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Altarpiece

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 is a German term often used in English in art history for Christian devotional images designed as aids for prayer or contemplation. 

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Andachtsbilder

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Abstract to envoke emotion

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Vesperbild