Itgs

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Acrobat®

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A product of Adobe Systems that produces documents which can be displayed and printed from most computer operating systems. Adobe provides free Acrobat® readers for downloading from the Internet. Acrobat® files have extensions of " PDF" (for portable document format).

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AI

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artificial intelligence

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American National Standards Institute

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ANSI

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analog

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Refers to a signal that varies continuously. The other type is signal is digital which is composed of discrete units. Digital circuits are easier to design and operate.

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android

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A machine created to perform one or more functions normally done by humans. Android literally means possessing human features; the Oxford English Dictionary defines android as "an automaton resembling a human being."

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ANSI

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American National Standards Institute. The United States group that approves US many standards, including the standards for computers and for communications. ANSI is a member of the International Organization for Standardization, ISO

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applet

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Programs written in Sun Microsystem's Java language. The programs contain the code needed to "play" animations or to present interactive applications

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application software or programs

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Programs designed to support work or recreation functions, e.g., word processors, spreadsheets, database managers, and image editors. These programs may be integrated into one or more suites of software.

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Archie

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A system that gathers, indexes, and distribute information on the Internet.

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artificial intelligence (AI)

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A property of machines that, if achieved, mimics human thought processes.

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ASCII

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American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The primary encoding character set used in computers.

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Asimov, Issac

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Asimov introduced the fictional "three laws of robotics" that have been the basis for many discussions on ethical considerations of using robotics.

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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

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A very fast data transmission method. It dynamically allocates bandwidth and uses a fixed-size data packet. Large files are broken into small standard sized units that are transmitted to the receiving computer where the packets are reassembled into a copy of the original file

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attachment, e-mail

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A document sent as a attachment to an e-mail message.

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authentication

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Verification of a person's identity or the source of a document.

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back door (trap door or worm hole)

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An entry into a computer system deliberately left by designers, usually privileged accounts intended for field service technicians or maintenance programmers.

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backup / back-up

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1. verb - To make copies of computer data or programs.
2. noun - Copies of computer data or programs.

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bandwidth

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1. The difference in height between the highest and lowest frequencies.
2. A measure of the amount of data that can be transmitted through a circuit per unit of time

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barcode

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An image of dark stripes of varying widths on a light background; the width and sequence of the stripes denotes the numbers (characters).

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baud

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The carrying capacity of communication lines or systems in symbols per second. Baud rates coincide with bits per second only under specific conditions.

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BGR

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Blue, Green, Red. The colors of light that, when mixed, produce any other color.

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binary

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Relating to systems composed of only two items or choices.

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binary digit/bit

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The smallest unit of information for data storage and transmission. Each bit is considered to be either a "1" or a "0" and is said to be "set" or true if its value is 1 and "clear" or "reset" if the value is "0".

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bitmap

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A file or image structure representing, bit for bit, an image displayed on a monitor. Bitmaps define the width and height of images and the parts of images.

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BMP

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An image file format used in Microsoft Windows. A bitmap format

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Boolean logic

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The Boolean conditions of true and false are often represented by "0" for "false" and "1" for "true". The "0" and "1" states are sometimes referred to as "no" and "yes" conditions.

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boot up

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To start or initialize a computer operating system.

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BPS

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Bits per second, the transmission speed of data between computers

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browser

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A program for reading hypertext. Browser permit viewing the contents of documents and support navigating among documents.

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bug

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An unwanted operation or function in a program or in computer hardware.

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bulletin board system

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A computer and software providing a message database. Users log in and leave and read messages

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byte

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The unit of data storage and transmission in computers. A byte is usually considered the code for a single character.

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CAD

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Computer Aided Design. CAD systems are sometimes integrated with a computer aided manufacturing system.

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CAL

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Computer Aided Learning. learning that is assisted by interactive computer programs. See training and tutorial.

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call forward

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A telephone service by which telephone calls are forwarded to a previously determined number.

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caller id

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A telephone service the displays the telephone number and name of the person calling.

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CAM

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Computer Aided Manufacture. CAM systems are sometimes integrated with a computer aided design system.

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CD & CD-ROM

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Compact Disk, Compact Disk-Read Only Memory. A data storage medium that uses the same physical formats as audio compact disk.

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CERN

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The European Laboratory for Particle Physics located in Geneva, Switzerland. The World Wide Web originated in this laboratory in 1989.

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CGI

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Common gateway interface. A type of program that will run under nearly all operating systems and is used primarily to process requests from HTML forms or act on information obtained from HTML forms.

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chat room

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A virtual "place" where two or more network users can exchange e-electronic messages.

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checkdigit

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A checksum of only one digit.